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March  2017, 16(2): 671-698. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017033

## A concentration phenomenon of the least energy solution to non-autonomous elliptic problems with a totally degenerate potential

 2-32-2, Kami-takada, Nakano, Tokyo 164-0002, Japan

Received  April 2016 Revised  August 2016 Published  January 2017

In this paper we study the following non-autonomous singularly perturbed Dirichlet problem:
 ${\varepsilon ^2}\Delta u -u + K(x)f(u) = 0, \; u > 0\quad {\rm{in}}\; \Omega, \quad u = 0\quad {\rm{on}}\; \partial \Omega,$
for a totally degenerate potential K. Here ε > 0 is a small parameter, $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is a bounded domain with a smooth boundary, and f is an appropriate superlinear subcritical function. In particular, f satisfies $0 < \liminf_{ t \to 0+} f(t)/t^q \leq \limsup_{ t \to 0+} f(t)/t^q < + \infty$ for some $1 < q < + \infty$. We show that the least energy solutions concentrate at the maximal point of the modified distance function $D(x) = \min \{ (q+1) d(x, \partial A), 2 d(x, \partial \Omega) \}$, where $A = \{ x \in \bar{ \Omega } \mid K(x) = \max_{ y \in \bar{ \Omega } } K(y) \}$ is assumed to be a totally degenerate set satisfying ${{A}^{{}^\circ }}\ne \emptyset$.
Citation: Shun Kodama. A concentration phenomenon of the least energy solution to non-autonomous elliptic problems with a totally degenerate potential. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (2) : 671-698. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017033
##### References:
 [1] M. Badiale and E. Serra, Semilinear Elliptic Equations for Beginners, Existence Results via the Variational Approach, Universitext, Springer, London, 2011. doi: 10.1007/978-0-85729-227-8. [2] H. Berestycki, T. Gallouët and O. Kavian, Equations de champs scalaires euclidiens nonlinéaires dans le plan, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, Série I Math., 297 (1983), 307-310. [3] H. Berestycki and P. L. Lions, Nonlinear scalar field equations I, Existence of a ground state, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 82 (1983), 313-375. doi: 10.1007/BF00250555. [4] J. Byeon, Mountain pass solutions for singularly perturbed nonlinear Dirichlet problems, J. Differential Equations, 217 (2005), 257-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.07.008. [5] J. Byeon, Singularly perturbed nonlinear Dirichlet problems with a general nonlinearity, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 362 (2010), 1981-2001. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-09-04746-1. [6] D. Cao, N. Dancer, E. Noussair and S. Yan, On the existence and profile of multi-peaked solutions to singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problems, Discrete Contin. Dynam. Systems, 2 (1996), 221-236. doi: 10.3934/dcds.1996.2.221. [7] M. del Pino and P. Felmer, Spike-layered solutions of singularly perturbed elliptic problems in a degenerate setting, Indiana Univ. math. J., 48 (1999), 883-898. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1999.48.1596. [8] M. del Pino, P. Felmer and J. Wei, Multi-peak solutions for some singular perturbation problems, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 10 (2000), 119-134. doi: 10.1007/s005260050147. [9] B. Gidas, W. M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry of positive solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in Rn, Advances in Math., Supplementary Studies, 7A (1981), 369-402. [10] Q. Han and F. Lin, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, Second, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York; American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1(2011). [11] E. F. Keller and L. A. Segel, Initiation of slime mold aggregation viewed as an instability, J. Theoret. Biol., 26 (1970), 399-415. [12] S. Kesavan, Symmetrization & Applications, Series in Analysis, 3, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. , Hackensack, NJ, 2006. doi: 10.1142/9789812773937. [13] S. Kodama, On a concentration phenomenon of the least energy solution to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a totally degenerate potential, preprint. [14] Y. Y. Li and L. Nirenberg, The Dirichlet problem for singularly perturbed elliptic equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 51 (1998), 1445-1490. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199811/12)51:11/12<1445::AID-CPA9>3.3.CO;2-Q. [15] C. S. Lin, W. M. Ni and I. Takagi, Large amplitude stationary solutions to a chemotaxis system, J. Differential Equations, 72 (1988), 1-27. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(88)90147-7. [16] G. Lu and J. Wei, On nonlinear Schrödinger equations with totally degenerate potentials, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sr. I Math., 326 (1998), 691-696. doi: 10.1016/S0764-4442(98)80032-3. [17] W. M. Ni and J. Wei, On the location and profile of spike-layer solutions to singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 48 (1995), 731-768. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160480704. [18] N. Qiao and Z.-Q. Wang, Multiplicity results for positive solutions to non-autonomous elliptic problems, Electron. J. Differential Equations, 28 (1999), 1-28. [19] X. Ren, Least-energy solutions to a non-autonomous semilinear problem with small diffusion coefficient, Electronic J. Partial Differential Equations, 5 (1993), 1-21. [20] G. N. Watson, A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions. Reprint of the second (1944) edition, Cambridge Mathematical Library, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995. [21] J. Wei, On the construction of single-peaked solutions to a singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problem, J. Differential Equations, 129 (1996), 315-333. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0120. [22] C. Zhao, On the number of interior peaks of solutions to a non-autonomous singularly perturbed Neumann problem, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect., A139 (2009), 427-448. doi: 10.1017/S0308210507001229.

show all references

##### References:
 [1] M. Badiale and E. Serra, Semilinear Elliptic Equations for Beginners, Existence Results via the Variational Approach, Universitext, Springer, London, 2011. doi: 10.1007/978-0-85729-227-8. [2] H. Berestycki, T. Gallouët and O. Kavian, Equations de champs scalaires euclidiens nonlinéaires dans le plan, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, Série I Math., 297 (1983), 307-310. [3] H. Berestycki and P. L. Lions, Nonlinear scalar field equations I, Existence of a ground state, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 82 (1983), 313-375. doi: 10.1007/BF00250555. [4] J. Byeon, Mountain pass solutions for singularly perturbed nonlinear Dirichlet problems, J. Differential Equations, 217 (2005), 257-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.07.008. [5] J. Byeon, Singularly perturbed nonlinear Dirichlet problems with a general nonlinearity, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 362 (2010), 1981-2001. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-09-04746-1. [6] D. Cao, N. Dancer, E. Noussair and S. Yan, On the existence and profile of multi-peaked solutions to singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problems, Discrete Contin. Dynam. Systems, 2 (1996), 221-236. doi: 10.3934/dcds.1996.2.221. [7] M. del Pino and P. Felmer, Spike-layered solutions of singularly perturbed elliptic problems in a degenerate setting, Indiana Univ. math. J., 48 (1999), 883-898. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1999.48.1596. [8] M. del Pino, P. Felmer and J. Wei, Multi-peak solutions for some singular perturbation problems, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 10 (2000), 119-134. doi: 10.1007/s005260050147. [9] B. Gidas, W. M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry of positive solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in Rn, Advances in Math., Supplementary Studies, 7A (1981), 369-402. [10] Q. Han and F. Lin, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, Second, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York; American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1(2011). [11] E. F. Keller and L. A. Segel, Initiation of slime mold aggregation viewed as an instability, J. Theoret. Biol., 26 (1970), 399-415. [12] S. Kesavan, Symmetrization & Applications, Series in Analysis, 3, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. , Hackensack, NJ, 2006. doi: 10.1142/9789812773937. [13] S. Kodama, On a concentration phenomenon of the least energy solution to nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a totally degenerate potential, preprint. [14] Y. Y. Li and L. Nirenberg, The Dirichlet problem for singularly perturbed elliptic equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 51 (1998), 1445-1490. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199811/12)51:11/12<1445::AID-CPA9>3.3.CO;2-Q. [15] C. S. Lin, W. M. Ni and I. Takagi, Large amplitude stationary solutions to a chemotaxis system, J. Differential Equations, 72 (1988), 1-27. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(88)90147-7. [16] G. Lu and J. Wei, On nonlinear Schrödinger equations with totally degenerate potentials, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sr. I Math., 326 (1998), 691-696. doi: 10.1016/S0764-4442(98)80032-3. [17] W. M. Ni and J. Wei, On the location and profile of spike-layer solutions to singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 48 (1995), 731-768. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160480704. [18] N. Qiao and Z.-Q. Wang, Multiplicity results for positive solutions to non-autonomous elliptic problems, Electron. J. Differential Equations, 28 (1999), 1-28. [19] X. Ren, Least-energy solutions to a non-autonomous semilinear problem with small diffusion coefficient, Electronic J. Partial Differential Equations, 5 (1993), 1-21. [20] G. N. Watson, A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions. Reprint of the second (1944) edition, Cambridge Mathematical Library, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995. [21] J. Wei, On the construction of single-peaked solutions to a singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problem, J. Differential Equations, 129 (1996), 315-333. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0120. [22] C. Zhao, On the number of interior peaks of solutions to a non-autonomous singularly perturbed Neumann problem, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect., A139 (2009), 427-448. doi: 10.1017/S0308210507001229.
Example 2 (ⅰ)
Example 2 (ⅱ)
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