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Saddle-node bifurcation of homoclinic orbits in singular systems
We consider the singularly perturbed system
$\dot\xi = f_0(\xi) + \varepsilon f_1(\xi,\eta,\varepsilon)$,
$\dot\eta = \varepsilon
g(\xi,\eta,\varepsilon )$ where $\xi\in\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n$, $\eta\in\mathbb R$ and
$\varepsilon\in\mathbb R$ is a small real parameter. We assume that $\dot\xi =
f_{0}(\xi)$ has a non degenerate heteroclinic solution $\g(t)$ and
that the Melnikov function $\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \psi^{*}(t)
f_{1}(\g(t),\alpha,0)\dt$ has a double zero at some point $\alpha_{0}$.
Using a functional analytic approach we show that if a suitable
second order Melnikov function is not zero, the above system has, in
a neighborhood of $\{\gamma(t)\}\times\mathbb R$, two heteroclinic orbits for
$\varepsilon$ on one side of $\varepsilon=0$ and none for $\varepsilon$ on the other side.
We also study the transversality of the intersection of the
center-stable and the center-unstable manifolds along these orbits.