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May  2013, 33(5): 2007-2031. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.2007

## The diffusive logistic model with a free boundary and seasonal succession

 1 Department of Mathematics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China, and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7

Received  December 2011 Revised  April 2012 Published  December 2012

This paper concerns a diffusive logistic equation with a free boundary and seasonal succession, which is formulated to investigate the spreading of a new or invasive species, where the free boundary represents the expanding front and the time periodicity accounts for the effect of the bad and good seasons. The condition to determine whether the species spatially spreads to infinity or vanishes at a finite space interval is derived, and when the spreading happens, the asymptotic spreading speed of the species is also given. The obtained results reveal the effect of seasonal succession on the dynamical behavior of the spreading of the single species.
Citation: Rui Peng, Xiao-Qiang Zhao. The diffusive logistic model with a free boundary and seasonal succession. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (5) : 2007-2031. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.2007
##### References:
 [1] D. G. Aronson and H. F. Weinberger, Nonlinear diffusion in population genetics, combustion, and nerve pulse propagation,, in, 446 (1975), 5.   Google Scholar [2] D. G. Aronson and H. F. Weinberger, Multidimensional nonlinear diffusions arising in population genetics,, Adv. Math., 30 (1978), 33.  doi: 10.1016/0001-8708(78)90130-5.  Google Scholar [3] G. Bunting, Y. Du and K. Krakowski, Spreading speed revisited: Analysis of a free boundary model,, Networks and Heterogeneous Media, ().   Google Scholar [4] X. F. Chen and A. Friedman, A free boundary problem arising in a model of wound healing,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 32 (2000), 778.  doi: 10.1137/S0036141099351693.  Google Scholar [5] D. L. DeAngelis, J. C. Trexler and D. D. Donalson, "Competition Dynamics in a Seasionally Varying Wetland,", Chapter 1, (2009), 1.   Google Scholar [6] Y. Du and Z. M. Guo, Spreading-vanishing dichotomy in the diffusive logistic model with a free boundary II,, J. Differential Equations, 250 (2011), 4336.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.02.011.  Google Scholar [7] Y. Du, Z. M. Guo and R. Peng, A diffusive logistic model with a free boundary in time-periodic environment,, preprint, (2011).   Google Scholar [8] Y. Du and Z. G. Lin, Spreading-vanishing dichotomy in the diffusive logistic model with a free boundary,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 377.  doi: 10.1137/090771089.  Google Scholar [9] P. J. DuBowy, Waterfowl communities and seasonal environments: Temporal variabolity in interspecific competition,, Ecology, 69 (1988), 1439.   Google Scholar [10] S.-B. Hsu and X.-Q. Zhao, A Lotka-Volterra competition model with seasonal succession,, J. Math. Biol., 64 (2012), 109.  doi: 10.1007/s00285-011-0408-6.  Google Scholar [11] S. S. Hu and A. J. Tessier, Seasonal succession and the strength of intra- and interspecific competition in a Daphnia assemblage,, Ecology, 76 (1995), 2278.   Google Scholar [12] O. A. Ladyzenskaja, V. A. Solonnikov and N. N. Ural'ceva, "Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Parabolic Type,", Amer. Math. Soc. Providence, (1968).   Google Scholar [13] X. Liang, Y. Yi and X.-Q. Zhao, Spreading speeds and traveling waves for periodic evolution systems,, J. Differential Equations, 231 (2006), 57.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.04.010.  Google Scholar [14] X. Liang and X.-Q. Zhao, Asymptotic speeds of spread and traveling waves for monotone semiflows with applications,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 60 (2007), 1.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20154.  Google Scholar [15] Z. G. Lin, A free boundary problem for a predator-prey model,, Nonlinearity, 20 (2007), 1883.  doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/20/8/004.  Google Scholar [16] E. Litchman and C. A. Klausmeier, Competition of phytoplankton under fluctuating light,, American Naturalist, 157 (2001), 170.   Google Scholar [17] T. R. Malthus, "An Essay on the Principle of Population,", 1798. Printed for J. Johnson in St. Pauls Church-Yard, (1998).   Google Scholar [18] M. Mimura, Y. Yamada and S. Yotsutani, A free boundary problem in ecology,, Japan J. Appl. Math., 2 (1985), 151.  doi: 10.1007/BF03167042.  Google Scholar [19] G. Nadin, The principal eigenvalue of a space-time periodic parabolic operator,, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 188 (2009), 269.  doi: 10.1007/s10231-008-0075-4.  Google Scholar [20] R. Peng and D. Wei, The periodic-parabolic logistic equation on $\R^N$,, Discrete and Continuous Dyn. Syst. Series A, 32 (2012), 619.   Google Scholar [21] H. F. Weinberger, Long-time behavior of a class of biological models,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 13 (1982), 353.  doi: 10.1137/0513028.  Google Scholar [22] X.-Q. Zhao, "Dynamical Systems in Population Biology,", Springer-Verlag, (2003).   Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] D. G. Aronson and H. F. Weinberger, Nonlinear diffusion in population genetics, combustion, and nerve pulse propagation,, in, 446 (1975), 5.   Google Scholar [2] D. G. Aronson and H. F. Weinberger, Multidimensional nonlinear diffusions arising in population genetics,, Adv. Math., 30 (1978), 33.  doi: 10.1016/0001-8708(78)90130-5.  Google Scholar [3] G. Bunting, Y. Du and K. Krakowski, Spreading speed revisited: Analysis of a free boundary model,, Networks and Heterogeneous Media, ().   Google Scholar [4] X. F. Chen and A. Friedman, A free boundary problem arising in a model of wound healing,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 32 (2000), 778.  doi: 10.1137/S0036141099351693.  Google Scholar [5] D. L. DeAngelis, J. C. Trexler and D. D. Donalson, "Competition Dynamics in a Seasionally Varying Wetland,", Chapter 1, (2009), 1.   Google Scholar [6] Y. Du and Z. M. Guo, Spreading-vanishing dichotomy in the diffusive logistic model with a free boundary II,, J. Differential Equations, 250 (2011), 4336.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.02.011.  Google Scholar [7] Y. Du, Z. M. Guo and R. Peng, A diffusive logistic model with a free boundary in time-periodic environment,, preprint, (2011).   Google Scholar [8] Y. Du and Z. G. Lin, Spreading-vanishing dichotomy in the diffusive logistic model with a free boundary,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 377.  doi: 10.1137/090771089.  Google Scholar [9] P. J. DuBowy, Waterfowl communities and seasonal environments: Temporal variabolity in interspecific competition,, Ecology, 69 (1988), 1439.   Google Scholar [10] S.-B. Hsu and X.-Q. Zhao, A Lotka-Volterra competition model with seasonal succession,, J. Math. Biol., 64 (2012), 109.  doi: 10.1007/s00285-011-0408-6.  Google Scholar [11] S. S. Hu and A. J. Tessier, Seasonal succession and the strength of intra- and interspecific competition in a Daphnia assemblage,, Ecology, 76 (1995), 2278.   Google Scholar [12] O. A. Ladyzenskaja, V. A. Solonnikov and N. N. Ural'ceva, "Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Parabolic Type,", Amer. Math. Soc. Providence, (1968).   Google Scholar [13] X. Liang, Y. Yi and X.-Q. Zhao, Spreading speeds and traveling waves for periodic evolution systems,, J. Differential Equations, 231 (2006), 57.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.04.010.  Google Scholar [14] X. Liang and X.-Q. Zhao, Asymptotic speeds of spread and traveling waves for monotone semiflows with applications,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 60 (2007), 1.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20154.  Google Scholar [15] Z. G. Lin, A free boundary problem for a predator-prey model,, Nonlinearity, 20 (2007), 1883.  doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/20/8/004.  Google Scholar [16] E. Litchman and C. A. Klausmeier, Competition of phytoplankton under fluctuating light,, American Naturalist, 157 (2001), 170.   Google Scholar [17] T. R. Malthus, "An Essay on the Principle of Population,", 1798. Printed for J. Johnson in St. Pauls Church-Yard, (1998).   Google Scholar [18] M. Mimura, Y. Yamada and S. Yotsutani, A free boundary problem in ecology,, Japan J. Appl. Math., 2 (1985), 151.  doi: 10.1007/BF03167042.  Google Scholar [19] G. Nadin, The principal eigenvalue of a space-time periodic parabolic operator,, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 188 (2009), 269.  doi: 10.1007/s10231-008-0075-4.  Google Scholar [20] R. Peng and D. Wei, The periodic-parabolic logistic equation on $\R^N$,, Discrete and Continuous Dyn. Syst. Series A, 32 (2012), 619.   Google Scholar [21] H. F. Weinberger, Long-time behavior of a class of biological models,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 13 (1982), 353.  doi: 10.1137/0513028.  Google Scholar [22] X.-Q. Zhao, "Dynamical Systems in Population Biology,", Springer-Verlag, (2003).   Google Scholar
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