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July  2013, 33(7): 2711-2755. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.2711

Weak attractor of the Klein-Gordon field in discrete space-time interacting with a nonlinear oscillator

Andrew Comech 1,

1. 

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States

Received  April 2012 Revised  October 2012 Published  January 2013

We consider the $\mathbf{U}(1)$-invariant nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in discrete space and discrete time, which is the discretization of the nonlinear continuous Klein-Gordon equation. To obtain this equation, we use the energy-conserving finite-difference scheme of Strauss-Vazquez. We prove that each finite energy solution converges as $T → ± ∞$ to the finite-dimensional set of all multifrequency solitary wave solutions with one, two, and four frequencies. The components of the solitary manifold corresponding to the solitary waves of the first two types are generically two-dimensional, while the component corresponding to the last type is generically four-dimensional. The attraction to the set of solitary waves is caused by the nonlinear energy transfer from lower harmonics to the continuous spectrum and subsequent radiation. For the proof, we develop the well-posedness for the nonlinear wave equation in discrete space-time, apply the technique of quasimeasures, and also obtain the version of the Titchmarsh convolution theorem for distributions on the circle.
Keywords: long-time asymptotics., finite-difference schemes, Weak attractors for dispersive equations.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 35B40, 35B41, 35C08, 37K40, 37L30, 65M06, 65M12, 65N06, 81Q0.
Citation: Andrew Comech. Weak attractor of the Klein-Gordon field in discrete space-time interacting with a nonlinear oscillator. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2013, 33 (7) : 2711-2755. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.2711
References:
[1]

A. V. Babin and M. I. Vishik, "Attractors of Evolution Equations," vol. 25 of Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1992, translated and revised from the 1989 Russian original by Babin.  Google Scholar

[2]

J. Chabassier and P. Joly, Energy preserving schemes for nonlinear hamiltonian systems of wave equations. Application to the vibrating piano string, (2010), to appear in Comp. Methods in Appl. Mech. and Engineering. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2010.04.013.  Google Scholar

[3]

A. Comech and A. I. Komech, Well-posedness and the energy and charge conservation for nonlinear wave equations in discrete space-time, Russ. J. Math. Phys., 18 (2011), 410-419. doi: 10.1134/S1061920811040030.  Google Scholar

[4]

V. V. Chepyzhov and M. I. Vishik, "Attractors for Equations of Mathematical Physics," vol. 49 of American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2002.  Google Scholar

[5]

M. S. Èskina, The scattering problem for partial-difference equations, in Math. Phys. No. 3 (1967) (Russian), 248-273, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1967.  Google Scholar

[6]

C. Foias, M. S. Jolly, I. G. Kevrekidis, and E. S. Titi, Dissipativity of numerical schemes, Nonlinearity, 4 (1991), 591-613.  Google Scholar

[7]

C. Foias and E. S. Titi, Determining nodes, finite difference schemes and inertial manifolds, Nonlinearity, 4 (1991), 135-153.  Google Scholar

[8]

D. Furihata, Finite-difference schemes for nonlinear wave equation that inherit energy conservation property, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 134 (2001), 37-57. doi: 10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00527-6.  Google Scholar

[9]

L. Hörmander, "The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators. I," Springer Study Edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, second edn.  Google Scholar

[10]

S. Jiménez and L. Vázquez, Analysis of four numerical schemes for a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, Appl. Math. Comput., 35 (1990), 61-94. Google Scholar

[11]

L. V. Kapitanskiĭ and I. N. Kostin, Attractors of nonlinear evolution equations and their approximations, Algebra i Analiz, 2 (1990), 114-140.  Google Scholar

[12]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, Global attractor for a nonlinear oscillator coupled to the Klein-Gordon field, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 185 (2007), 105-142. doi: 10.1007/s00205-006-0039-z.  Google Scholar

[13]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, Global attraction to solitary waves for Klein-Gordon equation with mean field interaction, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2008), 855-868. Google Scholar

[14]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, Global attractor for the Klein-Gordon field coupled to several nonlinear oscillators, J. Math. Pures Appl., 93 (2010), 91-111. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2009.08.011.  Google Scholar

[15]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, On the Titchmarsh convolution theorem for distributions on a circle, Funktsional. Anal. i Prilozhen., 46 (2012), to appear (see arXiv:1108.2463). Google Scholar

[16]

E. A. Kopylova, Dispersive estimates for discrete Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations, Algebra i Analiz, 21 (2009), 87-113. doi: 10.1090/S1061-0022-2010-01115-4.  Google Scholar

[17]

B. Y. Levin, "Lectures on Entire Functions," vol. 150 of Translations of Mathematical Monographs, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1996, in collaboration with and with a preface by Yu. Lyubarskii, M. Sodin and V. Tkachenko, Translated from the Russian manuscript by Tkachenko.  Google Scholar

[18]

J.-L. Lions, Supports de produits de composition. I, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 232 (1951), 1530-1532.  Google Scholar

[19]

S. Li and L. Vu-Quoc, Finite difference calculus invariant structure of a class of algorithms for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 32 (1995), 1839-1875. doi: 10.1137/0732083.  Google Scholar

[20]

C. S. Morawetz and W. A. Strauss, Decay and scattering of solutions of a nonlinear relativistic wave equation, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 25 (1972), 1-31.  Google Scholar

[21]

I. E. Segal, The global Cauchy problem for a relativistic scalar field with power interaction, Bull. Soc. Math. France, 91 (1963), 129-135.  Google Scholar

[22]

I. E. Segal, Non-linear semi-groups, Ann. of Math. (2), 78 (1963), 339-364.  Google Scholar

[23]

A. Soffer, Soliton dynamics and scattering, in "International Congress of Mathematicians. Vol. III," 459-471, Eur. Math. Soc., Zürich, 2006.  Google Scholar

[24]

W. A. Strauss, Decay and asymptotics for $\square u = f(u)$, J. Functional Analysis, 2 (1968), 409-457.  Google Scholar

[25]

W. Strauss and L. Vazquez, Numerical solution of a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, J. Comput. Phys., 28 (1978), 271-278.  Google Scholar

[26]

W. Shaban and B. Vainberg, Radiation conditions for the difference Schrödinger operators, Appl. Anal., 80 (2001), 525-556. doi: 10.1080/00036810108841007.  Google Scholar

[27]

T. Tao, A (concentration-)compact attractor for high-dimensional non-linear Schrödinger equations, Dyn. Partial Differ. Equ., 4 (2007), 1-53.  Google Scholar

[28]

R. Temam, "Infinite-Dimensional Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics," vol. 68 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997, second edn.  Google Scholar

[29]

E. Titchmarsh, The zeros of certain integral functions, Proc. of the London Math. Soc., 25 (1926), 283-302. Google Scholar

[30]

J. Virieux, P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneous media: Velocity-stress finite-difference method, Geophysics, 51 (1986), 889-901. Google Scholar

[31]

K. Yosida, "Functional Analysis," vol. 123 of Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences], Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, sixth edn.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

A. V. Babin and M. I. Vishik, "Attractors of Evolution Equations," vol. 25 of Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1992, translated and revised from the 1989 Russian original by Babin.  Google Scholar

[2]

J. Chabassier and P. Joly, Energy preserving schemes for nonlinear hamiltonian systems of wave equations. Application to the vibrating piano string, (2010), to appear in Comp. Methods in Appl. Mech. and Engineering. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2010.04.013.  Google Scholar

[3]

A. Comech and A. I. Komech, Well-posedness and the energy and charge conservation for nonlinear wave equations in discrete space-time, Russ. J. Math. Phys., 18 (2011), 410-419. doi: 10.1134/S1061920811040030.  Google Scholar

[4]

V. V. Chepyzhov and M. I. Vishik, "Attractors for Equations of Mathematical Physics," vol. 49 of American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2002.  Google Scholar

[5]

M. S. Èskina, The scattering problem for partial-difference equations, in Math. Phys. No. 3 (1967) (Russian), 248-273, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1967.  Google Scholar

[6]

C. Foias, M. S. Jolly, I. G. Kevrekidis, and E. S. Titi, Dissipativity of numerical schemes, Nonlinearity, 4 (1991), 591-613.  Google Scholar

[7]

C. Foias and E. S. Titi, Determining nodes, finite difference schemes and inertial manifolds, Nonlinearity, 4 (1991), 135-153.  Google Scholar

[8]

D. Furihata, Finite-difference schemes for nonlinear wave equation that inherit energy conservation property, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 134 (2001), 37-57. doi: 10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00527-6.  Google Scholar

[9]

L. Hörmander, "The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators. I," Springer Study Edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, second edn.  Google Scholar

[10]

S. Jiménez and L. Vázquez, Analysis of four numerical schemes for a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, Appl. Math. Comput., 35 (1990), 61-94. Google Scholar

[11]

L. V. Kapitanskiĭ and I. N. Kostin, Attractors of nonlinear evolution equations and their approximations, Algebra i Analiz, 2 (1990), 114-140.  Google Scholar

[12]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, Global attractor for a nonlinear oscillator coupled to the Klein-Gordon field, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 185 (2007), 105-142. doi: 10.1007/s00205-006-0039-z.  Google Scholar

[13]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, Global attraction to solitary waves for Klein-Gordon equation with mean field interaction, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2008), 855-868. Google Scholar

[14]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, Global attractor for the Klein-Gordon field coupled to several nonlinear oscillators, J. Math. Pures Appl., 93 (2010), 91-111. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2009.08.011.  Google Scholar

[15]

A. I. Komech and A. A. Komech, On the Titchmarsh convolution theorem for distributions on a circle, Funktsional. Anal. i Prilozhen., 46 (2012), to appear (see arXiv:1108.2463). Google Scholar

[16]

E. A. Kopylova, Dispersive estimates for discrete Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations, Algebra i Analiz, 21 (2009), 87-113. doi: 10.1090/S1061-0022-2010-01115-4.  Google Scholar

[17]

B. Y. Levin, "Lectures on Entire Functions," vol. 150 of Translations of Mathematical Monographs, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1996, in collaboration with and with a preface by Yu. Lyubarskii, M. Sodin and V. Tkachenko, Translated from the Russian manuscript by Tkachenko.  Google Scholar

[18]

J.-L. Lions, Supports de produits de composition. I, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 232 (1951), 1530-1532.  Google Scholar

[19]

S. Li and L. Vu-Quoc, Finite difference calculus invariant structure of a class of algorithms for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 32 (1995), 1839-1875. doi: 10.1137/0732083.  Google Scholar

[20]

C. S. Morawetz and W. A. Strauss, Decay and scattering of solutions of a nonlinear relativistic wave equation, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 25 (1972), 1-31.  Google Scholar

[21]

I. E. Segal, The global Cauchy problem for a relativistic scalar field with power interaction, Bull. Soc. Math. France, 91 (1963), 129-135.  Google Scholar

[22]

I. E. Segal, Non-linear semi-groups, Ann. of Math. (2), 78 (1963), 339-364.  Google Scholar

[23]

A. Soffer, Soliton dynamics and scattering, in "International Congress of Mathematicians. Vol. III," 459-471, Eur. Math. Soc., Zürich, 2006.  Google Scholar

[24]

W. A. Strauss, Decay and asymptotics for $\square u = f(u)$, J. Functional Analysis, 2 (1968), 409-457.  Google Scholar

[25]

W. Strauss and L. Vazquez, Numerical solution of a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, J. Comput. Phys., 28 (1978), 271-278.  Google Scholar

[26]

W. Shaban and B. Vainberg, Radiation conditions for the difference Schrödinger operators, Appl. Anal., 80 (2001), 525-556. doi: 10.1080/00036810108841007.  Google Scholar

[27]

T. Tao, A (concentration-)compact attractor for high-dimensional non-linear Schrödinger equations, Dyn. Partial Differ. Equ., 4 (2007), 1-53.  Google Scholar

[28]

R. Temam, "Infinite-Dimensional Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics," vol. 68 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997, second edn.  Google Scholar

[29]

E. Titchmarsh, The zeros of certain integral functions, Proc. of the London Math. Soc., 25 (1926), 283-302. Google Scholar

[30]

J. Virieux, P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneous media: Velocity-stress finite-difference method, Geophysics, 51 (1986), 889-901. Google Scholar

[31]

K. Yosida, "Functional Analysis," vol. 123 of Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences], Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980, sixth edn.  Google Scholar

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