American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

Advanced
August  2015, 35(8): 3417-3436. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.3417

Emergence of phase-locked states for the Winfree model in a large coupling regime

Seung-Yeal Ha 1, , Jinyeong Park 2, and  Sang Woo Ryoo 2,

1. 

Department of Mathematical Sciences and Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747
2. 

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea, South Korea

Received  November 2014 Revised  January 2015 Published  February 2015

We study the large-time behavior of the globally coupled Winfree model in a large coupling regime. The Winfree model is the first mathematical model for the synchronization phenomenon in an ensemble of weakly coupled limit-cycle oscillators. For the dynamic formation of phase-locked states, we provide a sufficient framework in terms of geometric conditions on the coupling functions and coupling strength. We show that in the proposed framework, the emergent phase-locked state is the unique equilibrium state and it is asymptotically stable in an $l^1$-norm; further, we investigate its configurational structure. We also provide several numerical simulations, and compare them with our analytical results.
Keywords: Winfree model, Phase model, phase-locked state, synchronization, emergence..
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 70F99, 92B2.
Citation: Seung-Yeal Ha, Jinyeong Park, Sang Woo Ryoo. Emergence of phase-locked states for the Winfree model in a large coupling regime. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2015, 35 (8) : 3417-3436. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.3417
References:
[1]

J. A. Acebron, L. L. Bonilla, C. J. P. Pérez Vicente, F. Ritort and R. Spigler, The Kuramoto model: A simple paradigm for synchronization phenomena, Rev. Mod. Phys., 77 (2005), 137-185. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.137.

[2]

J. T. Ariaratnam and S. H. Strogatz, Phase diagram for the Winfree model of coupled nonlinear oscillators, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86 (2001), 4278-4281. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4278.

[3]

J. Buck and E. Buck, Biology of synchronous flashing of fireflies, Nature, 211 (1966), 562-564. doi: 10.1038/211562a0.

[4]

M. Ballerini, N. Cabibbo, R. Candelier, A. Cavagna, E. Cisbani, I. Giardina, V. Lecomte, A. Orlandi, G. Parisi, A. Procaccini, M. Viale and V. Zdravkovic, Interaction ruling animal collective behavior depends on topological rather than metric distance: Evidence from a field study, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 105 (2008), 1232-1237. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711437105.

[5]

N. Bellomo, B. Piccoli and A. Tosin, Modeling crowd dynamics from a complex system viewpoint, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 22 (2012), 1230004, 29pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218202512300049.

[6]

N. Bellomo and J. Soler, On the mathematical theory of the dynamics of swarms viewed as complex systems, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 22 (2012), 1140006-1140035. doi: 10.1142/S0218202511400069.

[7]

Y.-P. Choi, S.-Y. Ha, S. Jung and Y. Kim, Asymptotic formation and orbital stability of phase-locked states for the Kuramoto model, Physica D, 241 (2012), 735-754. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.11.011.

[8]

J. A. Carrillo, A. Klar, S. Martin and S. Tiwari, Self-propelled interacting particle systems with roosting force, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci., 20 (2010), 1533-1552. doi: 10.1142/S0218202510004684.

[9]

N. Chopra and M. W. Spong, On exponential synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 54 (2009), 353-357 . doi: 10.1109/TAC.2008.2007884.

[10]

F. Cucker and S. Smale, Emergent behavior in flocks, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 52 (2007), 852-862. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.895842.

[11]

P. Degond and S. Motsch, Large scale dynamics of the Persistent Turing Walker model of fish behavior, J. Stat. Phys., 131 (2008), 989-1021. doi: 10.1007/s10955-008-9529-8.

[12]

P. Degond and S. Motsch, Continuum limit of self-driven particles with orientation interaction, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci., 18 (2008), 1193-1215. doi: 10.1142/S0218202508003005.

[13]

F. Dörfler and F. Bullo, Synchronization in complex network of phase oscillators: A survey, Automatica, 50 (2014), 1539-1564. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.04.012.

[14]

F. Dörfler and F. Bullo, On the critical coupling for Kuramoto oscillators, SIAM. J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 10 (2011), 1070-1099. doi: 10.1137/10081530X.

[15]

M. Fornasier, J. Haskovec and G. Toscani, Fluid dynamic description of flocking via Povzner-Boltzmann equation, Physica D, 240 (2011), 21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2010.08.003.

[16]

J. A. Fax and R. M. Murray, Information flow and cooperative control of vehicle formations, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 49 (2004), 1465-1476. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2004.834433.

[17]

S.-Y. Ha, H. K. Kim and J. Park, Remarks on the complete frequency synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators,, Submitted., (). 

[18]

S.-Y. Ha, H. K. Kim and S. W. Ryoo, Emergence of phase-locked states for the Kuramoto model in a large coupling regime,, Submitted., (). 

[19]

S.-Y. Ha, Z. Li and X. Xue, Formation of phase-locked states in a population of locally interacting Kuramoro oscillators, J. Differential Equations, 255 (2013), 3053-3070. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.07.013.

[20]

S.-Y. Ha and J.-G. Liu, A simple proof of Cucker-Smale flocking dynamics and mean field limit, Commun. Math. Sci., 7 (2009), 297-325. doi: 10.4310/CMS.2009.v7.n2.a2.

[21]

S.-Y. Ha and E. Tadmor, From particle to kinetic and hydrodynamic description of flocking, Kinetic and Related Models, 1 (2008), 415-435. doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.415.

[22]

A. Jadbabaie, J. Lin and A. Morse, Coordination of groups of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 48 (2003), 988-1001. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2003.812781.

[23]

Y. Kuramoto, Chemical Oscillations, Waves and Turbulence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1984. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69689-3.

[24]

Y. Kuramoto, Self-entrainment of a population of coupled non-linear oscillators, International symposium on mathematical problems in mathematical physics, Lecture notes in theoretical physics, 39 (1975), 420-422.

[25]

N. E. Leonard, D. A. Paley, F. Lekien, R. Sepulchre, D. M. Fratantoni and R. E. Davis, Collective motion, sensor networks and ocean sampling, Proc. IEEE, 95 (2007), 48-74. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2006.887295.

[26]

S. Motsch and E. Tadmor, A new model for self-organized dynamics and its flocking behavior, J. Stat. Phys., 144 (2011), 923-947. doi: 10.1007/s10955-011-0285-9.

[27]

G. Nardulli, D. Mrinazzo, M. Pellicoro and S. Stramaglia, Phase shifts between synchronized oscillators in the Winfree and Kuramoto models,, Available at, (). 

[28]

D.A. Paley, N. E. Leonard, R. Sepulchre, D. Grunbaum and J. K. Parrish, Oscillator models and collective motion, IEEE Control Systems, 27 (2007), 89-105. doi: 10.1109/MCS.2007.384123.

[29]

J. Park, H. Kim and S.-Y. Ha, Cucker-Smale flocking with inter-particle bonding forces, IEEE Tran. Automatic Control, 55 (2010), 2617-2623. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2010.2061070.

[30]

L. Perea, G. Gómez and P. Elosegui, Extension of the Cucker-Smale control law to space flight formation, J. Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 32 (2009), 527-537. doi: 10.2514/1.36269.

[31]

D. D. Quinn, R. H. Rand and S. Strogatz, Singular unlocking transition in the Winfree model of coupled oscillators, Physical Review E, 75 (2007), 036218, 10pp. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.036218.

[32]

D. D. Quinn, R. H. Rand and S. Strogatz, Synchronization in the Winfree model of coupled nonlinear interactions, A. ENOC 2005 Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands, August 7-12, 2005 (CD-ROM).

[33]

W. Ren and R. W. Beard, Consensus seeking in multi-agent systems under dynamically changing interaction topologies, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 50 (2005), 655-661. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2005.846556.

[34]

R. O. Saber, J. A. Fax and R. M. Murray, Consensus and cooperation in networked multi- agent systems, Proc. of the IEEE, 95 (2007), 215-233.

[35]

R. O. Saber and R. M. Murray, Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 49 (2004), 1520-1533. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2004.834113.

[36]

C. M. Topaz and A. L. Bertozzi, Swarming patterns in a two-dimensional kinematic model for biological groups, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 65 (2004), 152-174. doi: 10.1137/S0036139903437424.

[37]

H. G. Tanner, A. Jadbabaie and G. J. Pappas, Flocking in fixed and switching networks, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 52 (2007), 863-868. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.895948.

[38]

J. Toner and Y. Tu, Flocks, herds, and Schools: A quantitative theory of flocking, Physical Review E., 58 (1998), 4828-4858. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4828.

[39]

T. Vicsek, A. Czirók, E. Ben-Jacob, I. Cohen and O. Schochet, Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75 (1995), 1226-1229. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1226.

[40]

A. Winfree, 24 hard problems about the mathematics of 24 hour rhythms, Nonlinear oscillations in biology(Proc. Tenth Summer Sem. Appl. Math., Univ. Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1978), Lectures in Appl. Math., 17, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, R.I., (1979), 93-126.

[41]

A. Winfree, Biological rhythms and the behavior of populations of coupled oscillators, J. Theoret. Biol., 16 (1967), 15-42. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(67)90051-3.

show all references

References:
[1]

J. A. Acebron, L. L. Bonilla, C. J. P. Pérez Vicente, F. Ritort and R. Spigler, The Kuramoto model: A simple paradigm for synchronization phenomena, Rev. Mod. Phys., 77 (2005), 137-185. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.137.

[2]

J. T. Ariaratnam and S. H. Strogatz, Phase diagram for the Winfree model of coupled nonlinear oscillators, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86 (2001), 4278-4281. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4278.

[3]

J. Buck and E. Buck, Biology of synchronous flashing of fireflies, Nature, 211 (1966), 562-564. doi: 10.1038/211562a0.

[4]

M. Ballerini, N. Cabibbo, R. Candelier, A. Cavagna, E. Cisbani, I. Giardina, V. Lecomte, A. Orlandi, G. Parisi, A. Procaccini, M. Viale and V. Zdravkovic, Interaction ruling animal collective behavior depends on topological rather than metric distance: Evidence from a field study, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 105 (2008), 1232-1237. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711437105.

[5]

N. Bellomo, B. Piccoli and A. Tosin, Modeling crowd dynamics from a complex system viewpoint, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 22 (2012), 1230004, 29pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218202512300049.

[6]

N. Bellomo and J. Soler, On the mathematical theory of the dynamics of swarms viewed as complex systems, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 22 (2012), 1140006-1140035. doi: 10.1142/S0218202511400069.

[7]

Y.-P. Choi, S.-Y. Ha, S. Jung and Y. Kim, Asymptotic formation and orbital stability of phase-locked states for the Kuramoto model, Physica D, 241 (2012), 735-754. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.11.011.

[8]

J. A. Carrillo, A. Klar, S. Martin and S. Tiwari, Self-propelled interacting particle systems with roosting force, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci., 20 (2010), 1533-1552. doi: 10.1142/S0218202510004684.

[9]

N. Chopra and M. W. Spong, On exponential synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 54 (2009), 353-357 . doi: 10.1109/TAC.2008.2007884.

[10]

F. Cucker and S. Smale, Emergent behavior in flocks, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 52 (2007), 852-862. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.895842.

[11]

P. Degond and S. Motsch, Large scale dynamics of the Persistent Turing Walker model of fish behavior, J. Stat. Phys., 131 (2008), 989-1021. doi: 10.1007/s10955-008-9529-8.

[12]

P. Degond and S. Motsch, Continuum limit of self-driven particles with orientation interaction, Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci., 18 (2008), 1193-1215. doi: 10.1142/S0218202508003005.

[13]

F. Dörfler and F. Bullo, Synchronization in complex network of phase oscillators: A survey, Automatica, 50 (2014), 1539-1564. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.04.012.

[14]

F. Dörfler and F. Bullo, On the critical coupling for Kuramoto oscillators, SIAM. J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 10 (2011), 1070-1099. doi: 10.1137/10081530X.

[15]

M. Fornasier, J. Haskovec and G. Toscani, Fluid dynamic description of flocking via Povzner-Boltzmann equation, Physica D, 240 (2011), 21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2010.08.003.

[16]

J. A. Fax and R. M. Murray, Information flow and cooperative control of vehicle formations, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 49 (2004), 1465-1476. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2004.834433.

[17]

S.-Y. Ha, H. K. Kim and J. Park, Remarks on the complete frequency synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators,, Submitted., (). 

[18]

S.-Y. Ha, H. K. Kim and S. W. Ryoo, Emergence of phase-locked states for the Kuramoto model in a large coupling regime,, Submitted., (). 

[19]

S.-Y. Ha, Z. Li and X. Xue, Formation of phase-locked states in a population of locally interacting Kuramoro oscillators, J. Differential Equations, 255 (2013), 3053-3070. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.07.013.

[20]

S.-Y. Ha and J.-G. Liu, A simple proof of Cucker-Smale flocking dynamics and mean field limit, Commun. Math. Sci., 7 (2009), 297-325. doi: 10.4310/CMS.2009.v7.n2.a2.

[21]

S.-Y. Ha and E. Tadmor, From particle to kinetic and hydrodynamic description of flocking, Kinetic and Related Models, 1 (2008), 415-435. doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.415.

[22]

A. Jadbabaie, J. Lin and A. Morse, Coordination of groups of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 48 (2003), 988-1001. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2003.812781.

[23]

Y. Kuramoto, Chemical Oscillations, Waves and Turbulence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1984. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69689-3.

[24]

Y. Kuramoto, Self-entrainment of a population of coupled non-linear oscillators, International symposium on mathematical problems in mathematical physics, Lecture notes in theoretical physics, 39 (1975), 420-422.

[25]

N. E. Leonard, D. A. Paley, F. Lekien, R. Sepulchre, D. M. Fratantoni and R. E. Davis, Collective motion, sensor networks and ocean sampling, Proc. IEEE, 95 (2007), 48-74. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2006.887295.

[26]

S. Motsch and E. Tadmor, A new model for self-organized dynamics and its flocking behavior, J. Stat. Phys., 144 (2011), 923-947. doi: 10.1007/s10955-011-0285-9.

[27]

G. Nardulli, D. Mrinazzo, M. Pellicoro and S. Stramaglia, Phase shifts between synchronized oscillators in the Winfree and Kuramoto models,, Available at, (). 

[28]

D.A. Paley, N. E. Leonard, R. Sepulchre, D. Grunbaum and J. K. Parrish, Oscillator models and collective motion, IEEE Control Systems, 27 (2007), 89-105. doi: 10.1109/MCS.2007.384123.

[29]

J. Park, H. Kim and S.-Y. Ha, Cucker-Smale flocking with inter-particle bonding forces, IEEE Tran. Automatic Control, 55 (2010), 2617-2623. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2010.2061070.

[30]

L. Perea, G. Gómez and P. Elosegui, Extension of the Cucker-Smale control law to space flight formation, J. Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 32 (2009), 527-537. doi: 10.2514/1.36269.

[31]

D. D. Quinn, R. H. Rand and S. Strogatz, Singular unlocking transition in the Winfree model of coupled oscillators, Physical Review E, 75 (2007), 036218, 10pp. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.036218.

[32]

D. D. Quinn, R. H. Rand and S. Strogatz, Synchronization in the Winfree model of coupled nonlinear interactions, A. ENOC 2005 Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands, August 7-12, 2005 (CD-ROM).

[33]

W. Ren and R. W. Beard, Consensus seeking in multi-agent systems under dynamically changing interaction topologies, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 50 (2005), 655-661. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2005.846556.

[34]

R. O. Saber, J. A. Fax and R. M. Murray, Consensus and cooperation in networked multi- agent systems, Proc. of the IEEE, 95 (2007), 215-233.

[35]

R. O. Saber and R. M. Murray, Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 49 (2004), 1520-1533. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2004.834113.

[36]

C. M. Topaz and A. L. Bertozzi, Swarming patterns in a two-dimensional kinematic model for biological groups, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 65 (2004), 152-174. doi: 10.1137/S0036139903437424.

[37]

H. G. Tanner, A. Jadbabaie and G. J. Pappas, Flocking in fixed and switching networks, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 52 (2007), 863-868. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.895948.

[38]

J. Toner and Y. Tu, Flocks, herds, and Schools: A quantitative theory of flocking, Physical Review E., 58 (1998), 4828-4858. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4828.

[39]

T. Vicsek, A. Czirók, E. Ben-Jacob, I. Cohen and O. Schochet, Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75 (1995), 1226-1229. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1226.

[40]

A. Winfree, 24 hard problems about the mathematics of 24 hour rhythms, Nonlinear oscillations in biology(Proc. Tenth Summer Sem. Appl. Math., Univ. Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1978), Lectures in Appl. Math., 17, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, R.I., (1979), 93-126.

[41]

A. Winfree, Biological rhythms and the behavior of populations of coupled oscillators, J. Theoret. Biol., 16 (1967), 15-42. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(67)90051-3.

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