A global bifurcation theorem for a positone multiparameter problem and its application

Kuo-Chih Hung; Shao-Yuan Huang; Shin-Hwa Wang

doi:10.3934/dcds.2017222

Article Contents

2017, Volume 37, Issue 10: 5127-5149. Doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017222

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A global bifurcation theorem for a positone multiparameter problem and its application

1.
Fundamental General Education Center, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
2.
Center for General Education, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
3.
Department of Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

* Corresponding author: Shao-Yuan Huang
* Corresponding author: Shao-Yuan Huang

Received: September 2016

Revised: May 2017

Published: October 2017

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Abstract

We study the global bifurcation and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for the positone multiparameter problem

$\left\{ \begin{align} &{{u}^{\prime \prime }}(x)+\lambda {{f}_{\varepsilon }}(u)=0\text{,}\ \ -1<x<1\text{,} \\ &u(-1)=u(1)=0\text{,} \\ \end{align} \right.$

where λ > 0 is a bifurcation parameter and $\varepsilon >0$ is an evolution parameter. Under some suitable hypotheses on $f_{\varepsilon }(u)$, we prove that there exists $\tilde{\varepsilon}>0$ such that, on the $(λ ,||u||_{∞ })$-plane, the bifurcation curve is S-shaped for $0<\varepsilon <\tilde{\varepsilon}$ and is monotone increasing for $\varepsilon ≥ \tilde{\varepsilon}$. We give an application for this problem with a class of polynomial nonlinearities $f_{\varepsilon}(u)=-\varepsilon u^{p}+bu^{2}+cu+d\ $ of degree p≥ 3 and coefficients $\varepsilon ,b,d>0,$ c ≥ 0. Our results generalize those in Hung and Wang (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 365 (2013) 1933-1956.)

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Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 34B18; Secondary: 74G35.

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Figure 1. Global bifurcation of bifurcation curves $S_{\varepsilon }$ of (1) with varying $\varepsilon >0$

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Figure 2. The bifurcation surface $\Gamma $ with the fold curve $C_{\Gamma }$, and the projection of $C_{\Gamma }$ onto the $(\varepsilon ,\lambda )$-parameter plane. $B_{\Gamma }=B_{1}\cup B_{2}\cup \left\{ (\tilde{\varepsilon},\tilde{\lambda})\right\} $ is the bifurcation set

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Figure 3. The projection of the bifurcation surface $C_{\Gamma }$ onto the $( \varepsilon ,\lambda )$-parameter plane. $B_{\Gamma }=B_{1}\cup B_{2}\cup \left\{ (\tilde{\varepsilon},\tilde{ \lambda})\right\} $ is the bifurcation set.

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Figure 4. The evolution of time maps $T_{\varepsilon }(\alpha )$ for $\alpha \in (0,\beta _{\varepsilon })$ with varying $\varepsilon >0.$

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Figure 5. The graph of $\phi _{\varepsilon }(u)$.

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Figure 6. Three possible graphs of $\theta _{\varepsilon }(u)$. (ⅰ) $\theta _{\varepsilon }(\gamma _{ \varepsilon })\leq 0$. (ⅱ) $\theta _{\varepsilon }(\gamma _{\varepsilon })>0>\theta _{\varepsilon }(p_{2}(\varepsilon ))$. (ⅲ) $\theta _{\varepsilon }(\gamma _{\varepsilon })>\theta _{\varepsilon }(p_{2}(\varepsilon ))\geq 0$.

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