Bifurcation diagrams of positive solutions for one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications

Shao-Yuan Huang

doi:10.3934/dcds.2019142

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June 2019, 39(6): 3443-3462. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019142

Bifurcation diagrams of positive solutions for one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications

Shao-Yuan Huang

Center for General Education, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan

Received August 2018 Published February 2019

In this paper, we study the classification and evolution of bifurcation curves of positive solutions for one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem

$\left\{ \begin{array}{*{35}{l}} \begin{align} & -{{\left( {{u}^{\prime }}/\sqrt{1-{{u}^{\prime }}^{2}} \right)}^{\prime }}=\lambda f(u),\ \text{in }\left( -L,L \right), \\ & u(-L)=u(L)=0, \\ \end{align} \\\end{array} \right. $

where

$ \lambda >0 $

is a bifurcation parameter,

$ L>0 $

is an evolution parameter,

$ f\in C[0, \infty )\cap C^{2}(0, \infty ) $

and there exists

$ \beta >0 $

such that

$ \left( \beta -z\right) f(z)>0 $

for

$ z\neq \beta $

. In particular, we find that the bifurcation curve

$ S_{L} $

is monotone increasing for all

$ L>0 $

when

$ f(u)/u $

is of Logistic type, and is either

$ \subset $

-shaped or S-shaped for large

$ L>0 $

when

$ f(u)/u $

is of weak Allee effect type. Finally, we can apply these results to obtain the global bifurcation diagrams in some important applications including ecosystem model.

Keywords: Global bifurcation, multiplicity of positive solution, Minkowski-curvature problem.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 34B15, 34B18, 34C23, 74G35.

Citation: Shao-Yuan Huang. Bifurcation diagrams of positive solutions for one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2019, 39 (6) : 3443-3462. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019142

References:

[1]	R. Bartnik and L. Simon, Spacelike hypersurfaces with prescribed boundary values and mean curvature, Comm. Math. Phys., 87 (1982), 131-152. doi: 10.1007/BF01211061. Google Scholar
[2]	D. Butler, R. Shivaji and A. Tuck, S-shaped bifurcation curves for logistic growth and weak Allee effect growth models with grazing on an interior patch, Proceedings of the Ninth MSU-UAB Conference on Differential Equations and Computational Simulations, 15–25, Electron. J. Differ. Equ. Conf., 20, Texas State Univ., San Marcos, TX, 2013. Google Scholar
[3]	I. Coelho, C. Corsato, F. Obersnel and P. Omari, Positive solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature equation, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 12 (2012), 621-638. doi: 10.1515/ans-2012-0310. Google Scholar
[4]	C. Corsato, Mathematical analysis of some differential models involving the Euclidean or the Minkowski mean curvature operator, PhD thesis, University of Trieste, 2015. Available at https://www.openstarts.units.it/bitstream/10077/11127/1/PhD_Thesis _Corsato.pdf. Google Scholar
[5]	R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 2: Mainly electromagnetism and matter. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass.-London, 1964. Google Scholar
[6]	S.-Y. Huang, Classification and evolution of bifurcation curves for the one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications, J. Differential Equations, 264 (2018), 5977-6011. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2018.01.021. Google Scholar
[7]	S.-Y. Huang, Exact multiplicity and bifurcation curves of positive solutions of a one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its application, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 17 (2018), 1271-1294. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2018061. Google Scholar
[8]	S.-Y. Huang and S.-H. Wang, An evolutionary property of the bifurcation curves for a positone problem with cubic nonlinearity, Taiwanese J. Math., 20 (2016), 639-661. doi: 10.11650/tjm.20.2016.6563. Google Scholar
[9]	S.-Y. Huang, Some proofs in a paper "Bifurcation diagrams of one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications", available from http://mx.nthu.edu.tw/~symbol126sy-huang/Proofs2018. Google Scholar
[10]	K.-C. Hung, S.-Y. Huang and S.-H. Wang, A global bifurcation theorem for a positone multiparameter problem and its application, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 37 (2017), 5127-5149. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017222. Google Scholar
[11]	K.-C. Hung and S.-H. Wang, Global bifurcation and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a positone problem with cubic nonlinearity and their applications, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 365 (2013), 1933-1956. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-2012-05670-4. Google Scholar
[12]	E. Lee, S. Sasi and R. Shivaji, S-shaped bifurcation curves in ecosystems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 381 (2011), 732-741. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.03.048. Google Scholar
[13]	R. Ma and Y. Lu, Multiplicity of positive solutions for second order nonlinear Dirichlet problem with one-dimension Minkowski-curvature operator, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 15 (2015), 789-803. doi: 10.1515/ans-2015-0403. Google Scholar
[14]	P. M. McCabe, J. A. Leach and D. J. Needham, The evolution of travelling waves in fractional order autocatalysis with decay. Ⅰ. Permanent from travelling waves, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 59 (1998), 870-899. doi: 10.1137/S0036139996312594. Google Scholar
[15]	T. Ouyang and J. Shi, Exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of semilinear problems, Journal of Differential Equations, 146 (1998), 121-156. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1998.3414. Google Scholar
[16]	E. Poole, B. Roberson and B. Stephenson, Weak Allee effect, grazing, and S-shaped bifurcation curves, Involve, 5 (2012), 133-158. doi: 10.2140/involve.2012.5.133. Google Scholar
[17]	J. Shi and R. Shivaji, Persistence in reaction diffusion models with weak Allee effect, J. Math. Biol., 52 (2006), 807-829. doi: 10.1007/s00285-006-0373-7. Google Scholar
[18]	C.-C. Tzeng, K.-C. Hung and S.-H. Wang, Global bifurcation and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a positone problem with cubic nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations, 252 (2012), 6250-6274. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2012.02.020. Google Scholar
[19]	M.-H. Wang and M. Kot, Speeds of invasion in a model with strong or weak Allee effects, Math. Biosci., 171 (2001), 83-97. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(01)00048-7. Google Scholar
[20]	J. Xin, Front propagation in heterogeneous media, SIAM Rev., 42 (2000), 161-230. doi: 10.1137/S0036144599364296. Google Scholar
[21]	T.-S. Yeh, S-shaped and broken S-shaped bifurcation curves for a multiparameter diffusive logistic problem with Holling type-Ⅲ functional response, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 16 (2017), 645-670. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017032. Google Scholar
[22]	T.-S. Yeh, Bifurcation curves of positive steady-state solutions for a reaction-diffusion problem of lake eutrophication, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 449 (2017), 1708-1724. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.12.063. Google Scholar

show all references

References:

[1]	R. Bartnik and L. Simon, Spacelike hypersurfaces with prescribed boundary values and mean curvature, Comm. Math. Phys., 87 (1982), 131-152. doi: 10.1007/BF01211061. Google Scholar
[2]	D. Butler, R. Shivaji and A. Tuck, S-shaped bifurcation curves for logistic growth and weak Allee effect growth models with grazing on an interior patch, Proceedings of the Ninth MSU-UAB Conference on Differential Equations and Computational Simulations, 15–25, Electron. J. Differ. Equ. Conf., 20, Texas State Univ., San Marcos, TX, 2013. Google Scholar
[3]	I. Coelho, C. Corsato, F. Obersnel and P. Omari, Positive solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature equation, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 12 (2012), 621-638. doi: 10.1515/ans-2012-0310. Google Scholar
[4]	C. Corsato, Mathematical analysis of some differential models involving the Euclidean or the Minkowski mean curvature operator, PhD thesis, University of Trieste, 2015. Available at https://www.openstarts.units.it/bitstream/10077/11127/1/PhD_Thesis _Corsato.pdf. Google Scholar
[5]	R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 2: Mainly electromagnetism and matter. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass.-London, 1964. Google Scholar
[6]	S.-Y. Huang, Classification and evolution of bifurcation curves for the one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications, J. Differential Equations, 264 (2018), 5977-6011. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2018.01.021. Google Scholar
[7]	S.-Y. Huang, Exact multiplicity and bifurcation curves of positive solutions of a one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its application, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 17 (2018), 1271-1294. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2018061. Google Scholar
[8]	S.-Y. Huang and S.-H. Wang, An evolutionary property of the bifurcation curves for a positone problem with cubic nonlinearity, Taiwanese J. Math., 20 (2016), 639-661. doi: 10.11650/tjm.20.2016.6563. Google Scholar
[9]	S.-Y. Huang, Some proofs in a paper "Bifurcation diagrams of one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications", available from http://mx.nthu.edu.tw/~symbol126sy-huang/Proofs2018. Google Scholar
[10]	K.-C. Hung, S.-Y. Huang and S.-H. Wang, A global bifurcation theorem for a positone multiparameter problem and its application, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 37 (2017), 5127-5149. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017222. Google Scholar
[11]	K.-C. Hung and S.-H. Wang, Global bifurcation and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a positone problem with cubic nonlinearity and their applications, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 365 (2013), 1933-1956. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-2012-05670-4. Google Scholar
[12]	E. Lee, S. Sasi and R. Shivaji, S-shaped bifurcation curves in ecosystems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 381 (2011), 732-741. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.03.048. Google Scholar
[13]	R. Ma and Y. Lu, Multiplicity of positive solutions for second order nonlinear Dirichlet problem with one-dimension Minkowski-curvature operator, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 15 (2015), 789-803. doi: 10.1515/ans-2015-0403. Google Scholar
[14]	P. M. McCabe, J. A. Leach and D. J. Needham, The evolution of travelling waves in fractional order autocatalysis with decay. Ⅰ. Permanent from travelling waves, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 59 (1998), 870-899. doi: 10.1137/S0036139996312594. Google Scholar
[15]	T. Ouyang and J. Shi, Exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of semilinear problems, Journal of Differential Equations, 146 (1998), 121-156. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1998.3414. Google Scholar
[16]	E. Poole, B. Roberson and B. Stephenson, Weak Allee effect, grazing, and S-shaped bifurcation curves, Involve, 5 (2012), 133-158. doi: 10.2140/involve.2012.5.133. Google Scholar
[17]	J. Shi and R. Shivaji, Persistence in reaction diffusion models with weak Allee effect, J. Math. Biol., 52 (2006), 807-829. doi: 10.1007/s00285-006-0373-7. Google Scholar
[18]	C.-C. Tzeng, K.-C. Hung and S.-H. Wang, Global bifurcation and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a positone problem with cubic nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations, 252 (2012), 6250-6274. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2012.02.020. Google Scholar
[19]	M.-H. Wang and M. Kot, Speeds of invasion in a model with strong or weak Allee effects, Math. Biosci., 171 (2001), 83-97. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(01)00048-7. Google Scholar
[20]	J. Xin, Front propagation in heterogeneous media, SIAM Rev., 42 (2000), 161-230. doi: 10.1137/S0036144599364296. Google Scholar
[21]	T.-S. Yeh, S-shaped and broken S-shaped bifurcation curves for a multiparameter diffusive logistic problem with Holling type-Ⅲ functional response, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 16 (2017), 645-670. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017032. Google Scholar
[22]	T.-S. Yeh, Bifurcation curves of positive steady-state solutions for a reaction-diffusion problem of lake eutrophication, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 449 (2017), 1708-1724. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.12.063. Google Scholar

Figure 1. ⅰ) monotone increasing. (ⅱ) $ \subset $-shaped. (ⅲ) S-shaped

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Figure 2. Graphs of bifurcation curve $ S_{L} $ of (1) with varying $ L>0 $. (ⅰ) (C2) and (H2) hold. (ⅱ) either (C4) or (C6) holds

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Figure 3. Graphs of bifurcation curve $S_{L}$ of (1) with varying $L>0$. (ⅰ) $S_{\mathring{L}}$ is monotone increasing. (ⅱ) $S_{% \mathring{L}}$ is not monotone increasing

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Figure 4. Graphs of bifurcation curve $ S_{L} $ of (1), (5). $ \phi _{1}, \phi _{2}\in C(\sqrt{27} , \infty ) $ satisfy $ \phi _{1}(K)>\phi _{2}(K) $ and $ \Phi (K, \phi _{1}(K)) = \Phi (K, \phi _{2}(K)) = 0. $

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Figure 5. Graphs of bifurcation curve S_L of (1), (6)

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Figure 6. Graphs of bifurcation curve S_L of (1), (7). (ⅰ) c = 0. (ⅱ) c > 0

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Bifurcation diagrams of positive solutions for one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem and its applications

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