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December
2020, 25(12): 4779-4799.
doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020126
Lyapunov exponent and variance in the CLT for products of random matrices related to random Fibonacci sequences
| 1. | Department of Politics, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA |
| 2. | Department of Mathematics, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA |
| 3. | Faculties of Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel |
| 4. | Department of Mathematics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA |
| 5. | Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA |
We consider three matrix models of order 2 with one random entry $ \epsilon $ and the other three entries being deterministic. In the first model, we let $ \epsilon\sim \rm{Bernoulli}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) $. For this model we develop a new technique to obtain estimates for the top Lyapunov exponent in terms of a multi-level recursion involving Fibonacci-like sequences. This in turn gives a new characterization for the Lyapunov exponent in terms of these sequences. In the second model, we give similar estimates when $ \epsilon\sim \rm{Bernoulli}\left(p\right) $ and $ p\in [0, 1] $ is a parameter. Both of these models are related to random Fibonacci sequences. In the last model, we compute the Lyapunov exponent exactly when the random entry is replaced with $\xi\epsilon$ where $\epsilon$ is a standard Cauchy random variable and $\xi$ is a real parameter. We then use Monte Carlo simulations to approximate the variance in the CLT for both parameter models.
Keywords:
Products of random matrices,
Lyapunov exponents,
continued fractions,
Fibonacci sequences.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 37H15; Secondary: 37M25, 60B20, 60B15, 11B39.
Citation:
Rajeshwari Majumdar, Phanuel Mariano, Hugo Panzo, Lowen Peng, Anthony Sisti. Lyapunov exponent and variance in the CLT for products of random matrices related to random Fibonacci sequences. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - B,
2020, 25
(12)
: 4779-4799.
doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020126
![]()
References:
| [1] |
G. Akemann, Z. Burda and M. Kieburg, Universal distribution of Lyapunov exponents for products of Ginibre matrices, J. Phys. A, 47 (2014), 395202, 35 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/47/39/395202. |
| [2] |
G. Akemann, M. Kieburg and L. Wei, Singular value correlation functions for products of Wishart random matrices, J. Phys. A, 46 (2013), 275205, 22 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/46/27/275205. |
| [3] |
Y. Benoist and J.-F. Quint,
Central limit theorem for linear groups, Ann. Probab., 44 (2016), 1308-1340.
doi: 10.1214/15-AOP1002. |
| [4] |
P. Bougerol and J. Lacroix, Products of Random Matrices with Applications to Schrödinger Operators, Progress in Probability and Statistics, 8. Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 1985.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9172-2. |
| [5] |
P. Chassaing, G. Letac and M. Mora, Brocot sequences and random walks in SL(2, R), Probability Measures on Groups, VII (Oberwolfach, 1983), Lecture Notes in Math., Springer,
Berlin, 1064 (1984), 36–48.
doi: 10.1007/BFb0073632. |
| [6] |
J. E. Cohen and C. M. Newman, The stability of large random matrices and their products, Ann. Probab., 12 (1984), 283–310, http://links.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.uconn.edu/sici?sici=0091-1798(198405)12:2<283:TSOLRM>2.0.CO;2-O&origin=MSN.
doi: 10.1214/aop/1176993291. |
| [7] |
P. J. Forrester,
Lyapunov exponents for products of complex Gaussian random matrices, J. Stat. Phys., 151 (2013), 796-808.
doi: 10.1007/s10955-013-0735-7. |
| [8] |
P. J. Forrester, Asymptotics of finite system Lyapunov exponents for some random matrix ensembles, J. Phys. A, 48 (2015), 215205, 17 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/48/21/215205. |
| [9] |
H. Furstenberg and H. Kesten,
Products of random matrices, Ann. Math. Statist., 31 (1960), 457-469.
doi: 10.1214/aoms/1177705909. |
| [10] |
H. Furstenberg and Y. Kifer,
Random matrix products and measures on projective spaces, Israel J. Math., 46 (1983), 12-32.
doi: 10.1007/BF02760620. |
| [11] |
A. Goswami, Random continued fractions: A Markov chain approach, Econom. Theory, 23 (2004), 85–105, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02760620.
doi: 10.1007/s00199-002-0333-4. |
| [12] |
É. Janvresse, B. Rittaud and T. de la Rue,
How do random Fibonacci sequences grow?, Probab. Theory Related Fields, 142 (2008), 619-648.
doi: 10.1007/s00440-007-0117-7. |
| [13] |
É. Janvresse, B. Rittaud and T. de la Rue, Growth rate for the expected value of a generalized random Fibonacci sequence, J. Phys. A, 42 (2009), 085005, 18 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/42/8/085005. |
| [14] |
É. Janvresse, B. Rittaud and T. de la Rue,
Almost-sure growth rate of generalized random Fibonacci sequences, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat., 46 (2010), 135-158.
doi: 10.1214/09-AIHP312. |
| [15] |
V. Kargin,
On the largest Lyapunov exponent for products of Gaussian matrices, J. Stat. Phys., 157 (2014), 70-83.
doi: 10.1007/s10955-014-1077-9. |
| [16] |
M. Kieburg and H. Kösters,
Products of random matrices from polynomial ensembles, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat., 55 (2019), 98-126.
doi: 10.1214/17-AIHP877. |
| [17] |
R. Lima and M. Rahibe,
Exact Lyapunov exponent for infinite products of random matrices, J. Phys. A, 27 (1994), 3427-3437.
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/27/10/019. |
| [18] |
J. Marklof, Y. Tourigny and L. Wolowski,
Explicit invariant measures for products of random matrices, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 360 (2008), 3391-3427.
doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-08-04316-X. |
| [19] |
C. M. Newman, The distribution of Lyapunov exponents: Exact results for random matrices, Comm. Math. Phys., 103 (1986), 121–126, http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104114627.
doi: 10.1007/BF01464284. |
| [20] |
Y. Peres, Analytic dependence of Lyapunov exponents on transition probabilities, Lyapunov
Exponents (Oberwolfach, 1990), Lecture Notes in Math., Springer, Berlin, 1486 (1991), 64–
80.
doi: 10.1007/BFb0086658. |
| [21] |
Y. Peres, Domains of analytic continuation for the top Lyapunov exponent, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist., 28 (1992), 131–148, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHPB_1992__28_1_131_0. |
| [22] |
M. Pollicott,
Maximal Lyapunov exponents for random matrix products, Invent. Math., 181 (2010), 209-226.
doi: 10.1007/s00222-010-0246-y. |
| [23] |
V. Yu. Protasov and R. M. Jungers,
Lower and upper bounds for the largest Lyapunov exponent of matrices, Linear Algebra Appl., 438 (2013), 4448-4468.
doi: 10.1016/j.laa.2013.01.027. |
| [24] |
D. Ruelle,
Analycity properties of the characteristic exponents of random matrix products, Adv. in Math., 32 (1979), 68-80.
doi: 10.1016/0001-8708(79)90029-X. |
| [25] |
D. Viswanath,
Random Fibonacci sequences and the number $1.13198824\ldots$, Math. Comp., 69 (2000), 1131-1155.
doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-99-01145-X. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
G. Akemann, Z. Burda and M. Kieburg, Universal distribution of Lyapunov exponents for products of Ginibre matrices, J. Phys. A, 47 (2014), 395202, 35 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/47/39/395202. |
| [2] |
G. Akemann, M. Kieburg and L. Wei, Singular value correlation functions for products of Wishart random matrices, J. Phys. A, 46 (2013), 275205, 22 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/46/27/275205. |
| [3] |
Y. Benoist and J.-F. Quint,
Central limit theorem for linear groups, Ann. Probab., 44 (2016), 1308-1340.
doi: 10.1214/15-AOP1002. |
| [4] |
P. Bougerol and J. Lacroix, Products of Random Matrices with Applications to Schrödinger Operators, Progress in Probability and Statistics, 8. Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 1985.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9172-2. |
| [5] |
P. Chassaing, G. Letac and M. Mora, Brocot sequences and random walks in SL(2, R), Probability Measures on Groups, VII (Oberwolfach, 1983), Lecture Notes in Math., Springer,
Berlin, 1064 (1984), 36–48.
doi: 10.1007/BFb0073632. |
| [6] |
J. E. Cohen and C. M. Newman, The stability of large random matrices and their products, Ann. Probab., 12 (1984), 283–310, http://links.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.uconn.edu/sici?sici=0091-1798(198405)12:2<283:TSOLRM>2.0.CO;2-O&origin=MSN.
doi: 10.1214/aop/1176993291. |
| [7] |
P. J. Forrester,
Lyapunov exponents for products of complex Gaussian random matrices, J. Stat. Phys., 151 (2013), 796-808.
doi: 10.1007/s10955-013-0735-7. |
| [8] |
P. J. Forrester, Asymptotics of finite system Lyapunov exponents for some random matrix ensembles, J. Phys. A, 48 (2015), 215205, 17 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/48/21/215205. |
| [9] |
H. Furstenberg and H. Kesten,
Products of random matrices, Ann. Math. Statist., 31 (1960), 457-469.
doi: 10.1214/aoms/1177705909. |
| [10] |
H. Furstenberg and Y. Kifer,
Random matrix products and measures on projective spaces, Israel J. Math., 46 (1983), 12-32.
doi: 10.1007/BF02760620. |
| [11] |
A. Goswami, Random continued fractions: A Markov chain approach, Econom. Theory, 23 (2004), 85–105, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02760620.
doi: 10.1007/s00199-002-0333-4. |
| [12] |
É. Janvresse, B. Rittaud and T. de la Rue,
How do random Fibonacci sequences grow?, Probab. Theory Related Fields, 142 (2008), 619-648.
doi: 10.1007/s00440-007-0117-7. |
| [13] |
É. Janvresse, B. Rittaud and T. de la Rue, Growth rate for the expected value of a generalized random Fibonacci sequence, J. Phys. A, 42 (2009), 085005, 18 pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/42/8/085005. |
| [14] |
É. Janvresse, B. Rittaud and T. de la Rue,
Almost-sure growth rate of generalized random Fibonacci sequences, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat., 46 (2010), 135-158.
doi: 10.1214/09-AIHP312. |
| [15] |
V. Kargin,
On the largest Lyapunov exponent for products of Gaussian matrices, J. Stat. Phys., 157 (2014), 70-83.
doi: 10.1007/s10955-014-1077-9. |
| [16] |
M. Kieburg and H. Kösters,
Products of random matrices from polynomial ensembles, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat., 55 (2019), 98-126.
doi: 10.1214/17-AIHP877. |
| [17] |
R. Lima and M. Rahibe,
Exact Lyapunov exponent for infinite products of random matrices, J. Phys. A, 27 (1994), 3427-3437.
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/27/10/019. |
| [18] |
J. Marklof, Y. Tourigny and L. Wolowski,
Explicit invariant measures for products of random matrices, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 360 (2008), 3391-3427.
doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-08-04316-X. |
| [19] |
C. M. Newman, The distribution of Lyapunov exponents: Exact results for random matrices, Comm. Math. Phys., 103 (1986), 121–126, http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104114627.
doi: 10.1007/BF01464284. |
| [20] |
Y. Peres, Analytic dependence of Lyapunov exponents on transition probabilities, Lyapunov
Exponents (Oberwolfach, 1990), Lecture Notes in Math., Springer, Berlin, 1486 (1991), 64–
80.
doi: 10.1007/BFb0086658. |
| [21] |
Y. Peres, Domains of analytic continuation for the top Lyapunov exponent, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist., 28 (1992), 131–148, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHPB_1992__28_1_131_0. |
| [22] |
M. Pollicott,
Maximal Lyapunov exponents for random matrix products, Invent. Math., 181 (2010), 209-226.
doi: 10.1007/s00222-010-0246-y. |
| [23] |
V. Yu. Protasov and R. M. Jungers,
Lower and upper bounds for the largest Lyapunov exponent of matrices, Linear Algebra Appl., 438 (2013), 4448-4468.
doi: 10.1016/j.laa.2013.01.027. |
| [24] |
D. Ruelle,
Analycity properties of the characteristic exponents of random matrix products, Adv. in Math., 32 (1979), 68-80.
doi: 10.1016/0001-8708(79)90029-X. |
| [25] |
D. Viswanath,
Random Fibonacci sequences and the number $1.13198824\ldots$, Math. Comp., 69 (2000), 1131-1155.
doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-99-01145-X. |
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