# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

March  2021, 26(3): 1627-1652. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020176

## Ground state homoclinic orbits for a class of asymptotically periodic second-order Hamiltonian systems

 1 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 2 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Henan 464000, China

* Corresponding author: Chun-Lei Tang

Received  January 2019 Revised  March 2020 Published  June 2020

Fund Project: The first author is supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2020B051) and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 11601438, 11971393)

In this paper, we consider a class of second-order Hamiltonian systems of the form
 $\ddot{u}(t)-L(t) u(t)+\nabla W(t,u(t)) = 0$
where
 $L:R\rightarrow R^{N^2}$
and
 $W \in C^1(R\times R^N, R)$
are asymptotically periodic in
 $t$
at infinity. Under the reformative perturbation conditions and weaker superquadratic conditions on the nonlinearity, the existence of a ground state homoclinic orbit is established. The main tools employed here are the local mountain pass theorem and the concentration-compactness principle.
Citation: Ying Lv, Yan-Fang Xue, Chun-Lei Tang. Ground state homoclinic orbits for a class of asymptotically periodic second-order Hamiltonian systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (3) : 1627-1652. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020176
##### References:
 [1] C. O. Alves, P. C. Carrião and O. H. Miyagaki, Existence of homoclinic orbits for asymptotically periodic systems involving Duffing-like equation, Appl. Math. Lett., 16 (2003), no. 5,639–642. doi: 10.1016/S0893-9659(03)00059-4.  Google Scholar [2] A. Andrzej and T. Weth, The Method of Nehari Manifold. Handbook Of Nonconvex Analysis and Applications, Int. Press, Somerville, MA, 2010,597-632.  Google Scholar [3] G. Arioli and A. Szulkin, Homoclinic solution for a class of systems of second order differential equations, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 6 (1995), no. 1,189–197. doi: 10.12775/TMNA.1995.040.  Google Scholar [4] P. Bartolo, V. Benci and D. Fortunato, Abstract critical point theorems and applications to some nonlinear problems with "strong" resonance at infinity, Nonlinear Anal., 7 (1983), no. 9,981–1012. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(83)90115-3.  Google Scholar [5] G. W. Chen, Superquadratic or asymptotically quadratic Hamiltonian systems: Ground state homoclinic orbits, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4), 194 (2015), no. 3,903–918. doi: 10.1007/s10231-014-0403-9.  Google Scholar [6] V. Coti Zelati, I. Ekeland and E. Séré, A variational approach to homoclinic orbits in Hamiltonian systems, Math. Ann., 288 (1990), no. 1,133–160. doi: 10.1007/BF01444526.  Google Scholar [7] V. Coti Zelati and P. H. Rabinowitz, Homoclinic orbits for second order Hamiltonian systems possessing superquadratic potentials, J. Amer. Math. Soc., 4 (1991), no. 4,693–727. doi: 10.1090/S0894-0347-1991-1119200-3.  Google Scholar [8] Y. Ding, Existence and multiplicity results for homoclinic solutions to a class of Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 25 (1995), no. 11, 1095–1113. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(94)00229-B.  Google Scholar [9] Y. Ding and C. Lee, Homoclinics for asymptotically quadratic and superquadratic Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), no. 5-6, 1395–1413. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2008.10.116.  Google Scholar [10] P. L. Felmer and E. A. de B. 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Tang, Existence of homoclinic solution for the second order Hamiltonian systems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 291 (2004), no. 1,203–213. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2003.10.026.  Google Scholar [21] E. Paturel, Multiple homoclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 12 (2001), no. 2,117–143. doi: 10.1007/PL00009909.  Google Scholar [22] H. Poincaré, Les méthods nouvelles de la mécanique céleste, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1897–1899. Google Scholar [23] P. H. Rabinowitz, Homoclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect., 114 (1990), no. 1-2, 33–38. doi: 10.1017/S0308210500024240.  Google Scholar [24] P. H. Rabinowitz, Minimax methods in critical point theory with applications to differential equations, CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, Vol. 65, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1986. doi: 10.1090/cbms/065.  Google Scholar [25] P. H. Rabinowitz, On a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 43 (1992), no. 2,270–291. doi: 10.1007/BF00946631.  Google Scholar [26] P. H. Rabinowitz and K. Tanaka, Some results on connecting orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Math. Z., 206 (1991), no. 3,473–499. doi: 10.1007/BF02571356.  Google Scholar [27] Y. Rong and Z. Zhang, Homoclinic solutions for a class of second order Hamiltonian systems, Results Math., 61 (2012), no. 1-2,195–208. doi: 10.1007/s00025-010-0088-3.  Google Scholar [28] E. Serra, M. Tarallo and S. Terracini, Subharmonic solutions to second-order differential equations with periodic nonlinearities, Nonlinear Anal., 41 (2000), 649-667.  doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00302-2.  Google Scholar [29] M. Willem, Minimax Theorems, Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, Vol. 24, Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 1996. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4146-1.  Google Scholar [30] M. Yang and Z. Han, Infinitely many homoclinic solutions for second-order Hamiltonian systems with odd nonlinearities, Nonlinear Anal., 74 (2011), no. 7, 2635–2646. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2010.12.019.  Google Scholar [31] J. Yang and F. Zhang, Infinitely many homoclinic orbits for the second-order Hamiltonian systems with super-quadratic potentials, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 10 (2009), no. 3, 1417–1423. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2008.01.013.  Google Scholar [32] Q. Zhang and C. Liu, Infinitely many homoclinic solutions for second order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 72 (2010), no. 2,894–903. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.07.021.  Google Scholar [33] Z. Zhang and R. Yuan, Homoclinic solutions for a class of non-autonomous subquadratic second-order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), no. 9, 4125–4130. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.02.071.  Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] C. O. Alves, P. C. Carrião and O. H. Miyagaki, Existence of homoclinic orbits for asymptotically periodic systems involving Duffing-like equation, Appl. Math. Lett., 16 (2003), no. 5,639–642. doi: 10.1016/S0893-9659(03)00059-4.  Google Scholar [2] A. Andrzej and T. Weth, The Method of Nehari Manifold. Handbook Of Nonconvex Analysis and Applications, Int. Press, Somerville, MA, 2010,597-632.  Google Scholar [3] G. Arioli and A. Szulkin, Homoclinic solution for a class of systems of second order differential equations, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 6 (1995), no. 1,189–197. doi: 10.12775/TMNA.1995.040.  Google Scholar [4] P. Bartolo, V. Benci and D. Fortunato, Abstract critical point theorems and applications to some nonlinear problems with "strong" resonance at infinity, Nonlinear Anal., 7 (1983), no. 9,981–1012. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(83)90115-3.  Google Scholar [5] G. W. Chen, Superquadratic or asymptotically quadratic Hamiltonian systems: Ground state homoclinic orbits, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4), 194 (2015), no. 3,903–918. doi: 10.1007/s10231-014-0403-9.  Google Scholar [6] V. Coti Zelati, I. Ekeland and E. Séré, A variational approach to homoclinic orbits in Hamiltonian systems, Math. Ann., 288 (1990), no. 1,133–160. doi: 10.1007/BF01444526.  Google Scholar [7] V. Coti Zelati and P. H. Rabinowitz, Homoclinic orbits for second order Hamiltonian systems possessing superquadratic potentials, J. Amer. Math. Soc., 4 (1991), no. 4,693–727. doi: 10.1090/S0894-0347-1991-1119200-3.  Google Scholar [8] Y. Ding, Existence and multiplicity results for homoclinic solutions to a class of Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 25 (1995), no. 11, 1095–1113. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(94)00229-B.  Google Scholar [9] Y. Ding and C. Lee, Homoclinics for asymptotically quadratic and superquadratic Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), no. 5-6, 1395–1413. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2008.10.116.  Google Scholar [10] P. L. Felmer and E. A. de B. Silva, Homoclinic and periodic orbits for Hamiltonian systems, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4), 26 (1998), no. 2,285–301.  Google Scholar [11] P. Korman and A. C. Lazer, Homoclinic orbits for a class of symmetric Hamiltonian systems, Electron. J. Differential Equations, (1994), no. 1, 10 pp.  Google Scholar [12] O. A. Ladyzhenskaya and N. N. Ural'tseva, Linear and Quasilinear Elliptic Equations, Academic Press, New York-London, 1968.   Google Scholar [13] P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case. Ⅰ, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 1 (1984), no. 2,109–145. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(16)30428-0.  Google Scholar [14] P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case. Ⅱ, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 1 (1984), no. 4,223–283. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(16)30422-X.  Google Scholar [15] H. F. Lins and E. A. de B. Silva, Quasilinear asymptotically periodic elliptic equations with critical growth, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), no. 7-8, 2890–2905. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.01.171.  Google Scholar [16] Z. Liu, S. Guo and Z. Zhang, Homoclinic orbits for the second-order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 36 (2017), 116-138.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2016.12.006.  Google Scholar [17] X. Lv, S. Lu and P. Yan, Existence of homoclinic solutions for a class of second-order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 72 (2010), no. 1,390–398. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.06.073.  Google Scholar [18] Y. Lv and C.-L. Tang, Existence of even homoclinic orbits for second-order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 67 (2007), no. 7, 2189–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2006.08.043.  Google Scholar [19] W. Omana and M. Willem, Homoclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Different Integral Equations, 5 (1992), no. 5, 1115–1120.  Google Scholar [20] Z.-Q. Ou and C.-L. Tang, Existence of homoclinic solution for the second order Hamiltonian systems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 291 (2004), no. 1,203–213. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2003.10.026.  Google Scholar [21] E. Paturel, Multiple homoclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 12 (2001), no. 2,117–143. doi: 10.1007/PL00009909.  Google Scholar [22] H. Poincaré, Les méthods nouvelles de la mécanique céleste, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1897–1899. Google Scholar [23] P. H. Rabinowitz, Homoclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect., 114 (1990), no. 1-2, 33–38. doi: 10.1017/S0308210500024240.  Google Scholar [24] P. H. Rabinowitz, Minimax methods in critical point theory with applications to differential equations, CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, Vol. 65, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1986. doi: 10.1090/cbms/065.  Google Scholar [25] P. H. Rabinowitz, On a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 43 (1992), no. 2,270–291. doi: 10.1007/BF00946631.  Google Scholar [26] P. H. Rabinowitz and K. Tanaka, Some results on connecting orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems, Math. Z., 206 (1991), no. 3,473–499. doi: 10.1007/BF02571356.  Google Scholar [27] Y. Rong and Z. Zhang, Homoclinic solutions for a class of second order Hamiltonian systems, Results Math., 61 (2012), no. 1-2,195–208. doi: 10.1007/s00025-010-0088-3.  Google Scholar [28] E. Serra, M. Tarallo and S. Terracini, Subharmonic solutions to second-order differential equations with periodic nonlinearities, Nonlinear Anal., 41 (2000), 649-667.  doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00302-2.  Google Scholar [29] M. Willem, Minimax Theorems, Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, Vol. 24, Birkhäuser Boston, Inc., Boston, MA, 1996. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4146-1.  Google Scholar [30] M. Yang and Z. Han, Infinitely many homoclinic solutions for second-order Hamiltonian systems with odd nonlinearities, Nonlinear Anal., 74 (2011), no. 7, 2635–2646. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2010.12.019.  Google Scholar [31] J. Yang and F. Zhang, Infinitely many homoclinic orbits for the second-order Hamiltonian systems with super-quadratic potentials, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 10 (2009), no. 3, 1417–1423. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2008.01.013.  Google Scholar [32] Q. Zhang and C. Liu, Infinitely many homoclinic solutions for second order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 72 (2010), no. 2,894–903. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.07.021.  Google Scholar [33] Z. Zhang and R. Yuan, Homoclinic solutions for a class of non-autonomous subquadratic second-order Hamiltonian systems, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), no. 9, 4125–4130. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.02.071.  Google Scholar
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