Meromorphic integrability of the Hamiltonian systems with homogeneous potentials of degree -4

Jaume Llibre; Yuzhou Tian

doi:10.3934/dcdsb.2021228

Article Contents

2022, Volume 27, Issue 8: 4305-4316. Doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2021228

This issue Previous Article Asymptotic (statistical) periodicity in two-dimensional maps Next Article Global weak solutions to the generalized mCH equation via characteristics

Meromorphic integrability of the Hamiltonian systems with homogeneous potentials of degree -4

Jaume Llibre^1, and
Yuzhou Tian^2, ,

1.
Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
2.
School of Mathematics (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China

^* Corresponding author: Yuzhou Tian
^* Corresponding author: Yuzhou Tian

Received: October 31, 2020

Revised: July 31, 2021

Early access: September 2021

Published: August 2022

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Abstract

We characterize the meromorphic Liouville integrability of the Hamiltonian systems with Hamiltonian $ H = \left(p_1^2+p_2^2\right)/2+1/P(q_1, q_2) $, being $ P(q_1, q_2) $ a homogeneous polynomial of degree $ 4 $ of one of the following forms $ \pm q_1^4 $, $ 4q_1^3q_2 $, $ \pm 6q_1^2q_2^2 $, $ \pm \left(q_1^2+q_2^2\right)^2 $, $ \pm q_2^2\left(6q_1^2-q_2^2\right) $, $ \pm q_2^2\left(6q_1^2+q_2^2\right) $, $ q_1^4+6\mu q_1^2q_2^2-q_2^4 $, $ -q_1^4+6\mu q_1^2q_2^2+q_2^4 $ with $ \mu>-1/3 $ and $ \mu\neq 1/3 $, and $ q_1^4+6\mu q_1^2q_2^2+q_2^4 $ with $ \mu \neq \pm 1/3 $. We note that any homogeneous polynomial of degree $ 4 $ after a linear change of variables and a rescaling can be written as one of the previous polynomials. We remark that for the polynomial $ q_1^4+6\mu q_1^2q_2^2+q_2^4 $ when $ \mu\in\left\{-5/3, -2/3\right\} $ we only can prove that it has no a polynomial first integral.

Keywords:

Hamiltonian system with $ 2 $-degrees of freedom,
homogeneous potential of degree $ -4 $,
meromorphic integrability,
Darboux point.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 37J35, 37J30; Secondary: 34A05.

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Table 1. The Morales-Ramis table

Degree	Eigenvalue $\lambda$	Degree	Eigenvalue $\lambda$
$k$	$p+p\left(p-1\right)\frac{k}{2}$	$-3$	$\frac{25}{24}-\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{12}{5}+6p\right)^2$
$2$	arbitrary	$3$	$-\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{24}\left(2+6p\right)^2$
$-2$	arbitrary	$3$	$-\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{3}{2}+6p\right)^2$
$-5$	$\frac{49}{40}-\frac{1}{40}\left(\frac{10}{3}+10p\right)^2$	$3$	$-\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{6}{5}+6p\right)^2$
$-5$	$\frac{49}{40}-\frac{1}{40}\left(4+10p\right)^2$	$3$	$-\frac{1}{24}+\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{12}{5}+6p\right)^2$
$-4$	$\frac{9}{8}-\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{4}{3}+4p\right)^2$	$4$	$-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{4}{3}+4p\right)^2$
$-3$	$\frac{25}{24}-\frac{1}{24}\left(2+6p\right)^2$	$5$	$-\frac{9}{40}+\frac{1}{40}\left(\frac{10}{3}+10p\right)^2$
$-3$	$\frac{25}{24}-\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{3}{2}+6p\right)^2$	$5$	$-\frac{9}{40}+\frac{1}{40}\left(4+10p\right)^2$
$-3$	$\frac{25}{24}-\frac{1}{24}\left(\frac{6}{5}+6p\right)^2$	$k$	$\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{k-1}{k}+p\left(p+1\right)k\right)$

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Table 2. Integers $p_0$ and $p$

Eigenvalue $3\mu$	Integer $p_0$	Eigenvalue $-3\mu$	Integer $p$
$3\mu\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^1$	$\frac{1}{12} \left(-4\pm3\eta\right)$	$-3\mu\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^1$	$\frac{1}{12}\left(-4\pm3\xi\right)$
$3\mu\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^2$	$\frac{1}{4}\left(3\pm\eta\right)$	$-3\mu\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^2$	$\frac{1}{4} \left(3\pm\xi\right)$
$3\mu\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^3$	$\frac{1}{4}\left(-2\pm\eta\right)$	$-3\mu\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^3$	$\frac{1}{4}\left(-2\pm\xi\right)$

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Table 3. The values of $\eta$, $\xi$ and $\mu$

Condition	$(\eta, \xi)$	$\mu$
$\left(3\eta, 3\xi\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(3, 3\right)$	$0$
$\left(3\eta, \xi\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(3, 3\right)$	$0$
$\left(\eta, 3\xi\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(3, 3\right)$	$0$
$\left(\eta, \xi\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(3, 3\right)$	$0$

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Table 4. Integers $p_0$ and $p$

Eigenvalue $\lambda_1$	Integer $p_0$	Eigenvalue $\lambda_2$	Integer $p$
$\lambda_1\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^1$	$\frac{1}{12} \left(-4\pm3\eta\right)$	$\lambda_2\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^1$	$\frac{1}{12}\left(-4\pm3\zeta\right)$
$\lambda_1\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^2$	$\frac{1}{4}\left(3\pm\eta\right)$	$\lambda_2\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^2$	$\frac{1}{4} \left(3\pm\zeta\right)$
$\lambda_1\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^3$	$\frac{1}{4}\left(-2\pm\eta\right)$	$\lambda_2\in\mathcal{Z}_{-4}^3$	$\frac{1}{4}\left(-2\pm\zeta\right)$

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Table 5. The values of $\eta$, $\zeta$ and $\mu$

Condition	$(\eta, \zeta)$	$\mu$
$\left(3\eta, 3\zeta\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\varnothing$	$\varnothing$
$\left(3\eta, \zeta\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\varnothing$	$\varnothing$
$\left(\eta, 3\zeta\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\varnothing$	$\varnothing$
$\left(\eta, \xi\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\varnothing$	$\varnothing$

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Table 6. The values of $\eta$, $\zeta$ and $\mu$

Condition	$(\eta, \zeta)$	$\mu$
$\left(3\eta, 3\zeta\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(5, 7\right)$ or $\left(7, 5\right)$	$-\frac{2}{3}$ or $-\frac{5}{3}$
$\left(3\eta, \zeta\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(5, 7\right)$ or $\left(7, 5\right)$	$-\frac{2}{3}$ or $-\frac{5}{3}$
$\left(\eta, 3\zeta\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(5, 7\right)$ or $\left(7, 5\right)$	$-\frac{2}{3}$ or $-\frac{5}{3}$
$\left(\eta, \xi\right)\in \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}$	$\left(5, 7\right)$ or $\left(7, 5\right)$	$-\frac{2}{3}$ or $-\frac{5}{3}$

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