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2019, 12(4&5): 771-782.
doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2019051
Tourism destination competitiveness evaluation in Sichuan province using TOPSIS model based on information entropy weights
Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China |
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This study applied the combined methods of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Information Entropy Weights to evaluate the tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) of 13 cities in Sichuan Province. In the empirical study, IEW was used to determine the subjective weights of four aspects and 26 evaluation indexes, which have the influence on TDC. In addition, applying the essential ideas of TOPSIS, chosen alternative should have the shortest geometric from the positive ideal solution (PIS) and the longest geometric distance from the negative ideal solution (NIS), to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and sort-based analysis. In the end, the essay arranged the TDC of 13 cities in Sichuan Province from high to low, then produced policy recommendations. The results represent that IEW & TOPSIS were an efficient and effective way to evaluate TDC.
Keywords:
Information entropy weight,
technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,
tourism destination competitiveness,
Sichuan Province.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 58F15, 58F17; Secondary: 53C35.
Citation:
Tao Gu, Peiyu Ren, Maozhu Jin, Hua Wang. Tourism destination competitiveness evaluation in Sichuan province using TOPSIS model based on information entropy weights. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - S,
2019, 12
(4&5)
: 771-782.
doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2019051
![]()
References:
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J. M. Amigó and Á. Giménez,
Applications of the min-max symbols of multimodal maps, Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 1 (2016), 87-98.
|
| [2] |
F. Balibrea,
On problems of Topological Dynamics in non-autonomous discrete systems, Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 1 (2016), 391-404.
|
| [3] |
D. Buhalis,
Marketing the competitive destination of the future, Tourism Management, 21 (2000), 97-116.
|
| [4] |
R. Couch, Destination competitiveness: ExploringFoundations for a long term research program, Proceedings of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada 1994. Annual Conference 1994. |
| [5] |
A. M. d'Hauteserre,
Lessons in managed destination competitiveness: The case of foxwoods casino resort, Tourism Management, 21 (2000), 23-32.
|
| [6] |
L. Dwyer, T. H. P. Forsyth and P. Rao,
The price competitiveness of travel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations, Tourism Management, 21 (2000), 9-22.
|
| [7] |
M. J. Enright and J. Newton, Determinants ofTourism destination competitiveness in asia pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality,
Journal of TravelResearch, 2005. |
| [8] |
N. Gooroochurn and G. Sugiyarto,
Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry, Tourism Economics, 11 (2005), 25-46.
|
| [9] |
N. Gooroochurn and G. Sugiyarto,
Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry, Tourism Economics, 11 (2005), 25-46.
|
| [10] |
S. S. Hassan,
Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry, Journal of Travel Research, 38 (2000), 239-245.
|
| [11] |
C. L. Hwang and K. Yoon,
Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Method and Application, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1981. |
| [12] |
S. S. Kim, Y. Z. Guo and J. Agrusa,
Preference and positioning analyses of overseas destinations by mainland chinese outbound pleasure tourists, Journal of Travel Research, 44 (2005), 212-220.
|
| [13] |
M. Kozak and M. Rimmington,
Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings, Hospitality Management, 18 (1999), 273-283.
|
| [14] |
M. Kozak and M. Rimmington,
Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings, Hospitality Management, 18 (1999), 273-283.
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| [15] |
C. E. Shannon,
A mathematical theory of communication, Bell System Technical Journal, 27 (1948), 379-423,623-656.
doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x. |
| [16] |
D. Larry and K. Chulwon,
Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and Indicators, Current Issues in Tourism, 2003. |
| [17] |
K.-L. Wang and C.-S. Wu,
A Study of Competitiveness of International Tourism in the South East Asian Region, Eleventh Annual East Asian Seminar on Economics: Trade in Services, June 22-24, 2000, Seoul, Korea. |
| [18] |
Y. Yoon, Development of a Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders Perspectives, 2002. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
J. M. Amigó and Á. Giménez,
Applications of the min-max symbols of multimodal maps, Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 1 (2016), 87-98.
|
| [2] |
F. Balibrea,
On problems of Topological Dynamics in non-autonomous discrete systems, Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 1 (2016), 391-404.
|
| [3] |
D. Buhalis,
Marketing the competitive destination of the future, Tourism Management, 21 (2000), 97-116.
|
| [4] |
R. Couch, Destination competitiveness: ExploringFoundations for a long term research program, Proceedings of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada 1994. Annual Conference 1994. |
| [5] |
A. M. d'Hauteserre,
Lessons in managed destination competitiveness: The case of foxwoods casino resort, Tourism Management, 21 (2000), 23-32.
|
| [6] |
L. Dwyer, T. H. P. Forsyth and P. Rao,
The price competitiveness of travel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations, Tourism Management, 21 (2000), 9-22.
|
| [7] |
M. J. Enright and J. Newton, Determinants ofTourism destination competitiveness in asia pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality,
Journal of TravelResearch, 2005. |
| [8] |
N. Gooroochurn and G. Sugiyarto,
Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry, Tourism Economics, 11 (2005), 25-46.
|
| [9] |
N. Gooroochurn and G. Sugiyarto,
Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry, Tourism Economics, 11 (2005), 25-46.
|
| [10] |
S. S. Hassan,
Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry, Journal of Travel Research, 38 (2000), 239-245.
|
| [11] |
C. L. Hwang and K. Yoon,
Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Method and Application, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1981. |
| [12] |
S. S. Kim, Y. Z. Guo and J. Agrusa,
Preference and positioning analyses of overseas destinations by mainland chinese outbound pleasure tourists, Journal of Travel Research, 44 (2005), 212-220.
|
| [13] |
M. Kozak and M. Rimmington,
Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings, Hospitality Management, 18 (1999), 273-283.
|
| [14] |
M. Kozak and M. Rimmington,
Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings, Hospitality Management, 18 (1999), 273-283.
|
| [15] |
C. E. Shannon,
A mathematical theory of communication, Bell System Technical Journal, 27 (1948), 379-423,623-656.
doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x. |
| [16] |
D. Larry and K. Chulwon,
Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and Indicators, Current Issues in Tourism, 2003. |
| [17] |
K.-L. Wang and C.-S. Wu,
A Study of Competitiveness of International Tourism in the South East Asian Region, Eleventh Annual East Asian Seminar on Economics: Trade in Services, June 22-24, 2000, Seoul, Korea. |
| [18] |
Y. Yoon, Development of a Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders Perspectives, 2002. |
Table 2.
Data of tourism capacity in Sichuan Province
| City | Number of travel agency (units) | Number of star-reated hotels (units) | Civilian-owned value added of tertiary industry (%) |
| Chengdu | 462 | 128 | 109.4 |
| Guangyuan | 14 | 20 | 108.6 |
| Luzhou | 27 | 23 | 109.2 |
| Leshan | 75 | 33 | 109.9 |
| Mianyang | 61 | 30 | 110.0 |
| Nanchong | 49 | 26 | 110.6 |
| Aba | 34 | 19 | 110.5 |
| Yibin | 27 | 15 | 110.1 |
| Dazhou | 27 | 10 | 110.4 |
| Ya'an | 12 | 21 | 112.3 |
| Ganzi | 20 | 9 | 107.2 |
| Suining | 13 | 22 | 119.2 |
| Zigong | 21 | 8 | 109.4 |
| City | Number of travel agency (units) | Number of star-reated hotels (units) | Civilian-owned value added of tertiary industry (%) |
| Chengdu | 462 | 128 | 109.4 |
| Guangyuan | 14 | 20 | 108.6 |
| Luzhou | 27 | 23 | 109.2 |
| Leshan | 75 | 33 | 109.9 |
| Mianyang | 61 | 30 | 110.0 |
| Nanchong | 49 | 26 | 110.6 |
| Aba | 34 | 19 | 110.5 |
| Yibin | 27 | 15 | 110.1 |
| Dazhou | 27 | 10 | 110.4 |
| Ya'an | 12 | 21 | 112.3 |
| Ganzi | 20 | 9 | 107.2 |
| Suining | 13 | 22 | 119.2 |
| Zigong | 21 | 8 | 109.4 |
Table 3.
Data of tourism industrial strength in Sichuan Province
| City | Number of domestic tourist arrivals (10000 person times) | Domestic tourist income (100 million yuan) | Number of international tourist arrivals (10000 preson times) | International tourist income (UAD 10000) |
| Chengdu | 18423.02 | 1616.95 | 197.8 | 85768.11 |
| Guangyuan | 2769.43 | 158.69 | 0.18 | 40.96 |
| Luzhou | 2539.51 | 2539.51 | 0.22 | 57.31 |
| Leshan | 3342.14 | 383.9 | 12.79 | 4656.25 |
| Mianyang | 2821.12 | 277.13 | 0.74 | 212.25 |
| Nanchong | 3076.5 | 253.28 | 0.25 | 71.07 |
| Aba | 2861.34 | 240.78 | 15.44 | 2852.81 |
| Yibin | 2822.24 | 256.02 | 0.17 | 63.21 |
| Dazhou | 1351.01 | 90.36 | 0.29 | 99.29 |
| Ya'an | 1658.91 | 108.6 | 0.37 | 102.92 |
| Ganzi | 792.66 | 79.03 | 6.25 | 1799.29 |
| Suining | 2432.79 | 201.09 | 0.72 | 148.95 |
| Zigong | 2106 | 200.38 | 0.16 | 52.5 |
| City | Number of domestic tourist arrivals (10000 person times) | Domestic tourist income (100 million yuan) | Number of international tourist arrivals (10000 preson times) | International tourist income (UAD 10000) |
| Chengdu | 18423.02 | 1616.95 | 197.8 | 85768.11 |
| Guangyuan | 2769.43 | 158.69 | 0.18 | 40.96 |
| Luzhou | 2539.51 | 2539.51 | 0.22 | 57.31 |
| Leshan | 3342.14 | 383.9 | 12.79 | 4656.25 |
| Mianyang | 2821.12 | 277.13 | 0.74 | 212.25 |
| Nanchong | 3076.5 | 253.28 | 0.25 | 71.07 |
| Aba | 2861.34 | 240.78 | 15.44 | 2852.81 |
| Yibin | 2822.24 | 256.02 | 0.17 | 63.21 |
| Dazhou | 1351.01 | 90.36 | 0.29 | 99.29 |
| Ya'an | 1658.91 | 108.6 | 0.37 | 102.92 |
| Ganzi | 792.66 | 79.03 | 6.25 | 1799.29 |
| Suining | 2432.79 | 201.09 | 0.72 | 148.95 |
| Zigong | 2106 | 200.38 | 0.16 | 52.5 |
Table 4.
Data of economic support ability
| City | GDP per capita (yuan) | Total investment in fix asset (100 million yuan) | Passenger-kilometers of highways (10000 passenger-km) | Possession of civil motor vehicles (10000 units) | Total lengh of highways (km) |
| Chengdu | 70019 | 6620.37 | 1231084 | 312.8 | 22789 |
| Guangyuan | 22117 | 561.74 | 183548 | 14.0 | 19520 |
| Luzhou | 29655 | 1181.03 | 641482 | 21.0 | 13516 |
| Leshan | 37125 | 863.91 | 247432 | 22.3 | 11658 |
| Mianyang | 33558 | 1080.37 | 336848 | 37.8 | 19887 |
| Nanchong | 22639 | 1244.54 | 466942 | 27.7 | 22446 |
| Aba | 27043 | 383.34 | 254599 | 10.4 | 13218 |
| Yibin | 32318 | 1130.26 | 330827 | 19.2 | 18301 |
| Dazhou | 24411 | 1176.20 | 241365 | 18.1 | 19510 |
| Ya'an | 30052 | 471.40 | 106689 | 11.8 | 6286 |
| Ganzi | 18096 | 465.72 | 142998 | 7.4 | 29584 |
| Suining | 24691 | 913.68 | 201427 | 13.3 | 8805 |
| Zigong | 39145 | 597.61 | 183364 | 13.8 | 6456 |
| City | GDP per capita (yuan) | Total investment in fix asset (100 million yuan) | Passenger-kilometers of highways (10000 passenger-km) | Possession of civil motor vehicles (10000 units) | Total lengh of highways (km) |
| Chengdu | 70019 | 6620.37 | 1231084 | 312.8 | 22789 |
| Guangyuan | 22117 | 561.74 | 183548 | 14.0 | 19520 |
| Luzhou | 29655 | 1181.03 | 641482 | 21.0 | 13516 |
| Leshan | 37125 | 863.91 | 247432 | 22.3 | 11658 |
| Mianyang | 33558 | 1080.37 | 336848 | 37.8 | 19887 |
| Nanchong | 22639 | 1244.54 | 466942 | 27.7 | 22446 |
| Aba | 27043 | 383.34 | 254599 | 10.4 | 13218 |
| Yibin | 32318 | 1130.26 | 330827 | 19.2 | 18301 |
| Dazhou | 24411 | 1176.20 | 241365 | 18.1 | 19510 |
| Ya'an | 30052 | 471.40 | 106689 | 11.8 | 6286 |
| Ganzi | 18096 | 465.72 | 142998 | 7.4 | 29584 |
| Suining | 24691 | 913.68 | 201427 | 13.3 | 8805 |
| Zigong | 39145 | 597.61 | 183364 | 13.8 | 6456 |
Table 5.
Data of eco-environment support ability in Sichuan Province
| City | Air quality index | Rate of forest coverage (%) | Public green area per capita (sq.m) |
| Chengdu | 8.95 | 38.4 | 13.5 |
| Guangyuan | 5.99 | 55.3 | 11.2 |
| Luzhou | 6.05 | 50 | 9.01 |
| Leshan | 7 | 55.47 | 9.03 |
| Mianyang | 6.79 | 52.4 | 9.63 |
| Nanchong | 6 | 39.8 | 11.6 |
| Aba | 2.98 | 24.95 | 5.5 |
| Yibin | 6.58 | 44.2 | 13.08 |
| Dazhou | 7.66 | 41.5 | 11.7 |
| Ya'an | 6.26 | 63.1 | 13.08 |
| Ganzi | 3.83 | 33.04 | 9 |
| Suining | 4.9 | 39.01 | 6.8 |
| Zigong | 7.69 | 33.7 | 11.3 |
| City | Air quality index | Rate of forest coverage (%) | Public green area per capita (sq.m) |
| Chengdu | 8.95 | 38.4 | 13.5 |
| Guangyuan | 5.99 | 55.3 | 11.2 |
| Luzhou | 6.05 | 50 | 9.01 |
| Leshan | 7 | 55.47 | 9.03 |
| Mianyang | 6.79 | 52.4 | 9.63 |
| Nanchong | 6 | 39.8 | 11.6 |
| Aba | 2.98 | 24.95 | 5.5 |
| Yibin | 6.58 | 44.2 | 13.08 |
| Dazhou | 7.66 | 41.5 | 11.7 |
| Ya'an | 6.26 | 63.1 | 13.08 |
| Ganzi | 3.83 | 33.04 | 9 |
| Suining | 4.9 | 39.01 | 6.8 |
| Zigong | 7.69 | 33.7 | 11.3 |
Table 6.
Ranking of tourism resources in Sichuan province and the value of $ d^+ $ , $ d^- $ , $ c_i $
| | | | Rank | ||
| 1 | Chengdu | 0.550814 | 0.669486 | 0.548624 | 2 |
| 2 | Guangyuan | 0.621754 | 0.422017 | 0.404320 | 5 |
| 3 | Luzhou | 0.850805 | 0.331103 | 0.280143 | 9 |
| 4 | Leshan | 0.663612 | 0.437401 | 0.397272 | 7 |
| 5 | Mianyang | 0.591847 | 0.578172 | 0.494156 | 3 |
| 6 | Nanchong | 0.769232 | 0.520604 | 0.403620 | 6 |
| 7 | Aba | 0.477572 | 0.697994 | 0.593752 | 1 |
| 8 | Yibin | 0.834214 | 0.293777 | 0.260443 | 10 |
| 9 | Dazhou | 0.861676 | 0.297350 | 0.256552 | 11 |
| 10 | Ya'an | 0.834464 | 0.350878 | 0.296014 | 8 |
| 11 | Ganzhi | 0.720549 | 0.517163 | 0.417838 | 4 |
| 12 | Suining | 0.911916 | 0.154774 | 0.145097 | 13 |
| 13 | Zigong | 0.898165 | 0.251098 | 0.218486 | 12 |
| | | | Rank | ||
| 1 | Chengdu | 0.550814 | 0.669486 | 0.548624 | 2 |
| 2 | Guangyuan | 0.621754 | 0.422017 | 0.404320 | 5 |
| 3 | Luzhou | 0.850805 | 0.331103 | 0.280143 | 9 |
| 4 | Leshan | 0.663612 | 0.437401 | 0.397272 | 7 |
| 5 | Mianyang | 0.591847 | 0.578172 | 0.494156 | 3 |
| 6 | Nanchong | 0.769232 | 0.520604 | 0.403620 | 6 |
| 7 | Aba | 0.477572 | 0.697994 | 0.593752 | 1 |
| 8 | Yibin | 0.834214 | 0.293777 | 0.260443 | 10 |
| 9 | Dazhou | 0.861676 | 0.297350 | 0.256552 | 11 |
| 10 | Ya'an | 0.834464 | 0.350878 | 0.296014 | 8 |
| 11 | Ganzhi | 0.720549 | 0.517163 | 0.417838 | 4 |
| 12 | Suining | 0.911916 | 0.154774 | 0.145097 | 13 |
| 13 | Zigong | 0.898165 | 0.251098 | 0.218486 | 12 |
| d+ | d- | Ci | Rank | |||||||||||
| Chengdu | 0.54862 | 2 | 0.67592 | 1 | 0.82103 | 1 | 0.87753 | 1 | 0.68903 | 2 | 0.06354 | 0.96347 | 0.93813 | 1 |
| Guangyuan | 0.40432 | 5 | 0.08201 | 12 | 0.05213 | 8 | 0.23084 | 8 | 0.66767 | 3 | 0.74736 | 0.43434 | 0.36755 | 6 |
| Luzhou | 0.28014 | 9 | 0.11224 | 10 | 0.39159 | 2 | 0.26133 | 5 | 0.53443 | 10 | 0.66540 | 0.40101 | 0.37604 | 3 |
| Leshan | 0.39727 | 7 | 0.18843 | 4 | 0.10089 | 3 | 0.18735 | 9 | 0.62099 | 6 | 0.71011 | 0.42463 | 0.37421 | 4 |
| Mianyang | 0.49416 | 3 | 0.17271 | 5 | 0.06571 | 6 | 0.29001 | 4 | 0.61834 | 7 | 0.67970 | 0.49456 | 0.42117 | 2 |
| Nanchong | 0.40362 | 6 | 0.17270 | 6 | 0.06767 | 5 | 0.31423 | 3 | 0.55298 | 9 | 0.69664 | 0.41520 | 0.37344 | 5 |
| Aba | 0.59375 | 1 | 0.14770 | 7 | 0.07580 | 4 | 0.15504 | 11 | 0.00000 | 13 | 0.80958 | 0.46607 | 0.36536 | 7 |
| Yibin | 0.26044 | 10 | 0.12460 | 9 | 0.06293 | 7 | 0.26075 | 6 | 0.66484 | 4 | 0.77253 | 0.37281 | 0.32550 | 9 |
| Dazhou | 0.25655 | 11 | 0.13029 | 8 | 0.01438 | 13 | 0.24862 | 7 | 0.64432 | 5 | 0.79596 | 0.360216616 | 0.31156 | 10 |
| Ya'an | 0.29601 | 8 | 0.20576 | 3 | 0.02281 | 11 | 0.08964 | 12 | 0.77753 | 1 | 0.79706 | 0.435391142 | 0.35327 | 8 |
| Ganzhi | 0.41784 | 4 | 0.01219 | 13 | 0.01869 | 12 | 0.33984 | 2 | 0.28915 | 11 | 0.79262 | 0.341512783 | 0.301121399 | 11 |
| Suining | 0.14510 | 13 | 0.38640 | 2 | 0.04866 | 9 | 0.08901 | 13 | 0.28881 | 12 | 0.85787 | 0.283852311 | 0.248617312 | 13 |
| Zigong | 0.21849 | 12 | 0.09030 | 11 | 0.04191 | 10 | 0.15590 | 10 | 0.55993 | 8 | 0.84206131 | 0.296212909 | 0.260229832 | 12 |
| d+ | d- | Ci | Rank | |||||||||||
| Chengdu | 0.54862 | 2 | 0.67592 | 1 | 0.82103 | 1 | 0.87753 | 1 | 0.68903 | 2 | 0.06354 | 0.96347 | 0.93813 | 1 |
| Guangyuan | 0.40432 | 5 | 0.08201 | 12 | 0.05213 | 8 | 0.23084 | 8 | 0.66767 | 3 | 0.74736 | 0.43434 | 0.36755 | 6 |
| Luzhou | 0.28014 | 9 | 0.11224 | 10 | 0.39159 | 2 | 0.26133 | 5 | 0.53443 | 10 | 0.66540 | 0.40101 | 0.37604 | 3 |
| Leshan | 0.39727 | 7 | 0.18843 | 4 | 0.10089 | 3 | 0.18735 | 9 | 0.62099 | 6 | 0.71011 | 0.42463 | 0.37421 | 4 |
| Mianyang | 0.49416 | 3 | 0.17271 | 5 | 0.06571 | 6 | 0.29001 | 4 | 0.61834 | 7 | 0.67970 | 0.49456 | 0.42117 | 2 |
| Nanchong | 0.40362 | 6 | 0.17270 | 6 | 0.06767 | 5 | 0.31423 | 3 | 0.55298 | 9 | 0.69664 | 0.41520 | 0.37344 | 5 |
| Aba | 0.59375 | 1 | 0.14770 | 7 | 0.07580 | 4 | 0.15504 | 11 | 0.00000 | 13 | 0.80958 | 0.46607 | 0.36536 | 7 |
| Yibin | 0.26044 | 10 | 0.12460 | 9 | 0.06293 | 7 | 0.26075 | 6 | 0.66484 | 4 | 0.77253 | 0.37281 | 0.32550 | 9 |
| Dazhou | 0.25655 | 11 | 0.13029 | 8 | 0.01438 | 13 | 0.24862 | 7 | 0.64432 | 5 | 0.79596 | 0.360216616 | 0.31156 | 10 |
| Ya'an | 0.29601 | 8 | 0.20576 | 3 | 0.02281 | 11 | 0.08964 | 12 | 0.77753 | 1 | 0.79706 | 0.435391142 | 0.35327 | 8 |
| Ganzhi | 0.41784 | 4 | 0.01219 | 13 | 0.01869 | 12 | 0.33984 | 2 | 0.28915 | 11 | 0.79262 | 0.341512783 | 0.301121399 | 11 |
| Suining | 0.14510 | 13 | 0.38640 | 2 | 0.04866 | 9 | 0.08901 | 13 | 0.28881 | 12 | 0.85787 | 0.283852311 | 0.248617312 | 13 |
| Zigong | 0.21849 | 12 | 0.09030 | 11 | 0.04191 | 10 | 0.15590 | 10 | 0.55993 | 8 | 0.84206131 | 0.296212909 | 0.260229832 | 12 |
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