Figure 1.
The process flow for applying the GNN-AdaBoost algorithm
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August & September
2019, 12(4&5): 1471-1487.
doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2019101
EMD and GNN-AdaBoost fault diagnosis for urban rail train rolling bearings
| 1. | State Key Lab of Rail Traffic Control & safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| 2. | School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| 3. | Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China |
Rolling bearings are the most prone components to failure in urban rail trains, presenting potential danger to cities and their residents. This paper puts forward a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method by integrating empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and genetic neural network adaptive boosting (GNN-AdaBoost). EMD is an excellent tool for feature extraction and during which some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. GNN-AdaBoost fault identification algorithm, which uses genetic neural network (GNN) as sub-classifier of the boosting algorithm, is proposed in order to address the shortcomings in classification when only using a GNN. To demonstrate the excellent performance of the approach, experiments are performed to simulate different operating conditions of the rolling bearing, including high speed, low speed, heavy load and light load. For de-nosing signal, by EMD decomposition is applied to obtain IMFs, which is used for extracting the IMF energy feature parameters. The combination of IMF energy feature parameters and some time-domain feature parameters are selected as the input vectors of the classifiers. Finally, GNN-AdaBoost and GNN are applied to experimental examples and the identification results are compared. The results show that GNN-AdaBoost offers significant improvement in rolling bearing fault diagnosis for urban rail trains when compared to GNN alone.
Keywords:
Rolling bearing,
empirical mode decomposition (EMD),
genetic neural network-adaptive boosting (GNN-AdaBoost),
intrinsic mode functions (IMFs),
fault diagnosis.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
94C12.
Citation:
Guoqiang Cai, Chen Yang, Yue Pan, Jiaojiao Lv. EMD and GNN-AdaBoost fault diagnosis for urban rail train rolling bearings. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S,
2019, 12
(4&5)
: 1471-1487.
doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2019101
![]()
References:
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The inapproximability for the (0, 1)-additive number, Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, 17 (2016), 217-226.
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M. Y. Asr, M. M. Ettefagh, R. Hassannejad and S. N. Razavi, Diagnosis of combined faults in rotary machinery by non-naive bayesian approach, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 85 (2017), 56-70. Google Scholar |
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I. S. Bozchalooi and M. Liang, A smoothness index-guided approach to wavelet parameter selection in signal de-noising and fault detection, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 308 (2007), 246-267. Google Scholar |
| [5] |
G. Chen, J. Chen and G. M. Dong, Chirplet wigner-ville distribution for time-frequency representation and its application, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 41 (2013), 1-13. Google Scholar |
| [6] |
J. Cheng, Y. Yang and Y. Yang,
A rotating machinery fault diagnosis method based on local mean decomposition, Digital Signal Processing, 22 (2012), 356-366.
doi: 10.1016/j.dsp.2011.09.008. |
| [7] |
A. Figueiredo and M. Nave, Time-frequency analysis of nonstationary fusion plasma signals: A comparison between the choi-williams distribution and wavelets, Review of scientific instruments, 75 (2004), 4268-4270. Google Scholar |
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A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 55 (1997), 119-139.
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S. Gholizadeh, E. Salajegheh and P. Torkzadeh, Structural optimization with frequency constraints by genetic algorithm using wavelet radial basis function neural network, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 312 (2008), 316-331. Google Scholar |
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N. E. Huang, Z. Shen, S. R. Long, M. C. Wu, H. H. Shih, W. Zheng, N. Yen, C. C. Tung, H. H. Liu and N. C. Yen,
The empirical mode decomposition method and the hilbert spectrum for non-stationary time series analysis, R. Soc. Lond. Proc. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 454 (1998), 903-995.
doi: 10.1098/rspa.1998.0193. |
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M. C. Kim and C. H. Choi, A new weight initialization method for the mlp with the bp in multiclass classification problems, Neural Processing Letters, 6 (1997), 11-23. Google Scholar |
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R. Klein, D. Ingman and S. Braun, Non-stationary signals: Phase-energy approach-theory and simulations, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 15 (2001), 1061-1089. Google Scholar |
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L. I. Kuncheva and C. J. Whitaker, Using Diversity with Three Variants of Boosting: Aggressive, Conservative, and Inverse, In: International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems, 2002: Springer, 2002. Google Scholar |
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B. Li, M. Y. Chow, Y. Tipsuwan and J. C. Hung, Neural-network-based motor rolling bearing fault diagnosis, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 47 (2002), 1060-1069. Google Scholar |
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X. Li, L. Wang and E. Sung, A study of adaboost with svm based weak learners, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005. IJCNN '05. Proceedings, 1 (2005), 196-201. Google Scholar |
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X. Li, L. Wang and E. Sung, Adaboost with svm-based component classifiers, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 21 (2008), 785-795. Google Scholar |
| [17] |
H. Liu, J. Zhang, Y. Cheng and C. Lu, Fault diagnosis of gearbox using empirical mode decomposition and multi-fractal detrended cross-correlation analysis, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 385 (2016), 350-371. Google Scholar |
| [18] |
C. Meshram and S. A. Meshram,
Constructing id-based cryptographic technique for ifp and gdlp based cryptosystem, Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences & Cryptography, 20 (2017), 1121-1134.
doi: 10.1080/09720529.2015.1032621. |
| [19] |
C. C. Peck and A. P. Dhawan, Genetic algorithms as global random search methods: An alternative perspective, Evolutionary Computation, 3 (2014), 39-80. Google Scholar |
| [20] |
Z. K. Peng, P. W. Tse and F. L. Chu,
An improved hilbert-huang transform and its application in vibration signal analysis, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 286 (2005), 1151-1153.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.049. |
| [21] |
B. Samanta and K. R. Al-Balushi, Artificial neural network based fault diagnostics of rolling element bearings using time-domain features, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 17 (2003), 317-328. Google Scholar |
| [22] |
R. E. Schapire and Y. Singer, Improved Boosting Algorithms Using Confidence-rated Predictions, vol. 37, Machine Learning, 1999. Google Scholar |
| [23] |
Z. Y. Shi, S. S. Law and X. Xu, Identification of linear time-varying mdof dynamic systems from forced excitation using hilbert transform and emd method, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 321 (2009), 572-589. Google Scholar |
| [24] |
H. Wang and P. Chen, Intelligent diagnosis method for rolling element bearing faults using possibility theory and neural network, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 60 (2011), 511-518. Google Scholar |
| [25] |
M. Weinfeld, Integrated Artificial Neural Networks: Components for Higher Level Architectures with New Properties, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. Google Scholar |
| [26] |
Y. Xiang, J. Lu and Y. Y. Huang, A fast wave superposition spectral method with complex radius vector combined with two-dimensional fast fourier transform algorithm for acoustic radiation of axisymmetric bodies, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 331 (2012), 1441-1454. Google Scholar |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
S. Abbasion, A. Rafsanjani, A. Farshidianfar and N. Irani, Rolling element bearings multi-fault classification based on the wavelet denoising and support vector machine, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 21 (2007), 2933-2945. Google Scholar |
| [2] |
A. Ahadi and A. Dehghan,
The inapproximability for the (0, 1)-additive number, Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, 17 (2016), 217-226.
|
| [3] |
M. Y. Asr, M. M. Ettefagh, R. Hassannejad and S. N. Razavi, Diagnosis of combined faults in rotary machinery by non-naive bayesian approach, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 85 (2017), 56-70. Google Scholar |
| [4] |
I. S. Bozchalooi and M. Liang, A smoothness index-guided approach to wavelet parameter selection in signal de-noising and fault detection, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 308 (2007), 246-267. Google Scholar |
| [5] |
G. Chen, J. Chen and G. M. Dong, Chirplet wigner-ville distribution for time-frequency representation and its application, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 41 (2013), 1-13. Google Scholar |
| [6] |
J. Cheng, Y. Yang and Y. Yang,
A rotating machinery fault diagnosis method based on local mean decomposition, Digital Signal Processing, 22 (2012), 356-366.
doi: 10.1016/j.dsp.2011.09.008. |
| [7] |
A. Figueiredo and M. Nave, Time-frequency analysis of nonstationary fusion plasma signals: A comparison between the choi-williams distribution and wavelets, Review of scientific instruments, 75 (2004), 4268-4270. Google Scholar |
| [8] |
Y. Freund and R. Schapire,
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 55 (1997), 119-139.
doi: 10.1006/jcss.1997.1504. |
| [9] |
S. Gholizadeh, E. Salajegheh and P. Torkzadeh, Structural optimization with frequency constraints by genetic algorithm using wavelet radial basis function neural network, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 312 (2008), 316-331. Google Scholar |
| [10] |
N. E. Huang, Z. Shen, S. R. Long, M. C. Wu, H. H. Shih, W. Zheng, N. Yen, C. C. Tung, H. H. Liu and N. C. Yen,
The empirical mode decomposition method and the hilbert spectrum for non-stationary time series analysis, R. Soc. Lond. Proc. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 454 (1998), 903-995.
doi: 10.1098/rspa.1998.0193. |
| [11] |
M. C. Kim and C. H. Choi, A new weight initialization method for the mlp with the bp in multiclass classification problems, Neural Processing Letters, 6 (1997), 11-23. Google Scholar |
| [12] |
R. Klein, D. Ingman and S. Braun, Non-stationary signals: Phase-energy approach-theory and simulations, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 15 (2001), 1061-1089. Google Scholar |
| [13] |
L. I. Kuncheva and C. J. Whitaker, Using Diversity with Three Variants of Boosting: Aggressive, Conservative, and Inverse, In: International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems, 2002: Springer, 2002. Google Scholar |
| [14] |
B. Li, M. Y. Chow, Y. Tipsuwan and J. C. Hung, Neural-network-based motor rolling bearing fault diagnosis, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 47 (2002), 1060-1069. Google Scholar |
| [15] |
X. Li, L. Wang and E. Sung, A study of adaboost with svm based weak learners, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005. IJCNN '05. Proceedings, 1 (2005), 196-201. Google Scholar |
| [16] |
X. Li, L. Wang and E. Sung, Adaboost with svm-based component classifiers, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 21 (2008), 785-795. Google Scholar |
| [17] |
H. Liu, J. Zhang, Y. Cheng and C. Lu, Fault diagnosis of gearbox using empirical mode decomposition and multi-fractal detrended cross-correlation analysis, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 385 (2016), 350-371. Google Scholar |
| [18] |
C. Meshram and S. A. Meshram,
Constructing id-based cryptographic technique for ifp and gdlp based cryptosystem, Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences & Cryptography, 20 (2017), 1121-1134.
doi: 10.1080/09720529.2015.1032621. |
| [19] |
C. C. Peck and A. P. Dhawan, Genetic algorithms as global random search methods: An alternative perspective, Evolutionary Computation, 3 (2014), 39-80. Google Scholar |
| [20] |
Z. K. Peng, P. W. Tse and F. L. Chu,
An improved hilbert-huang transform and its application in vibration signal analysis, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 286 (2005), 1151-1153.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.049. |
| [21] |
B. Samanta and K. R. Al-Balushi, Artificial neural network based fault diagnostics of rolling element bearings using time-domain features, Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 17 (2003), 317-328. Google Scholar |
| [22] |
R. E. Schapire and Y. Singer, Improved Boosting Algorithms Using Confidence-rated Predictions, vol. 37, Machine Learning, 1999. Google Scholar |
| [23] |
Z. Y. Shi, S. S. Law and X. Xu, Identification of linear time-varying mdof dynamic systems from forced excitation using hilbert transform and emd method, Journal of Sound & Vibration, 321 (2009), 572-589. Google Scholar |
| [24] |
H. Wang and P. Chen, Intelligent diagnosis method for rolling element bearing faults using possibility theory and neural network, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 60 (2011), 511-518. Google Scholar |
| [25] |
M. Weinfeld, Integrated Artificial Neural Networks: Components for Higher Level Architectures with New Properties, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. Google Scholar |
| [26] |
Y. Xiang, J. Lu and Y. Y. Huang, A fast wave superposition spectral method with complex radius vector combined with two-dimensional fast fourier transform algorithm for acoustic radiation of axisymmetric bodies, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 331 (2012), 1441-1454. Google Scholar |
Figure 2.
Procedure for rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on EMD and GNN-AdaBoost
Figure 3.
Simulator stand for rolling bearing faults
Figure 4.
Different health conditions of the rolling bearing: (a) normal; (b) inner-race fault; (c) outer-race fault; (d) rolling ball fault
Figure 5.
Time-domain waveform figures of four rolling bearing
states under the working condition of 6 r/s speed and light load:
(a) normal; (b) inner-race fault; (c) outer-race fault and (d) rolling
ball fault.
Figure 6.
Diagram of the 13 IMF components
Figure 7.
Total error and weight changes
Figure 8.
Error variations and iterations of GNN-AdaBoost
Figure 9.
The testing results of GNN-AdaBoost and GNN under different working conditions: (a) 6 r/s and light load; (b) 6 r/s and heavy load; (c) 8 r/s and light load (d) 8 r/s and heavy load
Table 1.
Expected output code
| Fault type | Expected output code |
| Normal | (1 0 0 0) |
| Inner-race fault | (0 1 0 0) |
| Outer-race fault | (0 0 1 0) |
| Rolling ball fault | (0 0 0 1) |
| Fault type | Expected output code |
| Normal | (1 0 0 0) |
| Inner-race fault | (0 1 0 0) |
| Outer-race fault | (0 0 1 0) |
| Rolling ball fault | (0 0 0 1) |
Table 2.
Accuracy comparisons between GNN-AdaBoost and GNN under different working conditions
| Experimental condition | GNN-AdaBoost | GNN | |||||
| Right Wrong Accuracy (%) | Right Wrong Accuracy (%) | ||||||
| Speed 6 r/s, light load | 77 | 3 | 96.25 | 71 | 9 | 88.75 | |
| Speed 6 r/s, heavy load | 78 | 2 | 97.5 | 74 | 6 | 92.5 | |
| Speed 8 r/s, light load | 78 | 2 | 97.5 | 73 | 7 | 91.25 | |
| Speed 8 r/s, heavy load | 79 | 1 | 98.75 | 76 | 4 | 95 | |
| Experimental condition | GNN-AdaBoost | GNN | |||||
| Right Wrong Accuracy (%) | Right Wrong Accuracy (%) | ||||||
| Speed 6 r/s, light load | 77 | 3 | 96.25 | 71 | 9 | 88.75 | |
| Speed 6 r/s, heavy load | 78 | 2 | 97.5 | 74 | 6 | 92.5 | |
| Speed 8 r/s, light load | 78 | 2 | 97.5 | 73 | 7 | 91.25 | |
| Speed 8 r/s, heavy load | 79 | 1 | 98.75 | 76 | 4 | 95 | |
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