# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

February  2014, 8(1): 199-221. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2014.8.199

## Heat source identification based on $l_1$ constrained minimization

 1 University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States 2 Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555, United States 3 The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States

Received  January 2011 Revised  November 2012 Published  March 2014

We consider the inverse problem of finding sparse initial data from the sparsely sampled solutions of the heat equation. The initial data are assumed to be a sum of an unknown but finite number of Dirac delta functions at unknown locations. Point-wise values of the heat solution at only a few locations are used in an $l_1$ constrained optimization to find the initial data. A concept of domain of effective sensing is introduced to speed up the already fast Bregman iterative algorithm for $l_1$ optimization. Furthermore, an algorithm which successively adds new measurements at specially chosen locations is introduced. By comparing the solutions of the inverse problem obtained from different number of measurements, the algorithm decides where to add new measurements in order to improve the reconstruction of the sparse initial data.
Citation: Yingying Li, Stanley Osher, Richard Tsai. Heat source identification based on $l_1$ constrained minimization. Inverse Problems & Imaging, 2014, 8 (1) : 199-221. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2014.8.199
##### References:
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##### References:
 [1] L. Bregman, The relaxation method of finding the common points of convex sets and its application to the solution of problems in convex optimization, USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 7 (1967), 620-631.  Google Scholar [2] M. Burger, Y. Landa, N. Tanushev and R. Tsai, Discovering point sources in unknown environments, in WAFR 2008: The Eighth International Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics, 57 2010, 663-678. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-00312-7_41.  Google Scholar [3] J. Cai, S. Osher and Z. Shen, Convergence of the linearized Bregman iteration for $l_1$-norm minimization, Math. Comp., 78 (2009), 2127-2136. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-09-02242-X.  Google Scholar [4] E. J. Candès and T. Tao, Decoding by linear programming, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51(12) (2005). Google Scholar [5] Y. Cheng and T. Singh, Source term estimation using convex optimization, The Eleventh International Conference on Information Fusion, Cologne, Germany, (2008). Google Scholar [6] D. Donoho, Compressed sensing, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52 (2006), 1289-1306. doi: 10.1109/TIT.2006.871582.  Google Scholar [7] A. El Badia, T. Ha Duong and A. Hamdi, Identification of a point source in a linear advection-dispersion-reaction equation: Application to a pollution source problem, Inverse Problems, 21 (2005), 1121-1136. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/21/3/020.  Google Scholar [8] B. Farmer, C. Hall and S. Esedoglu, Source identification from line integral measurements and simple atmospheric models, Inverse Probl. Imaging, 7 (2013), 471-–490. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2013.7.471.  Google Scholar [9] E. Haber, Numerical methods for optimal experimental design of large-scale ill-posed problems, Inverse Problems, 24 (2008). Google Scholar [10] Y. Landa, N. Tanushev and R. Tsai, Discovery of point sources in the Helmholtz equation posed in unknown domains with obstacles, Comm. in Math. Sci., 9 (2011), 903-928. doi: 10.4310/CMS.2011.v9.n3.a11.  Google Scholar [11] Y. Li and S. Osher, Coordinate descent optimization for L1 minimization with application to compressed sensing; A greedy algorithm, Inverse Problems and Imaging, 3 (2009), 487–-503. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2009.3.487.  Google Scholar [12] G. Li, Y. Tan, J. Cheng and X. Wang, Determining magnitude of groundwater pollution sources by data compatibility analysis, Inverse Problem in Science and Engineering, 14 (2006), 287-300. doi: 10.1080/17415970500485153.  Google Scholar [13] L. Ling and T. Takeuchi, Point sources identification problems for heat equations, Communications in Computational Physics, 5 (2009), 897-913.  Google Scholar [14] L. Ling, M. Yamamoto, Y. Hon and T. Takeuchi, Identification of source locations in two-dimensional heat equations, Inverse Problems, 22 (2006), 1289-1305. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/22/4/011.  Google Scholar [15] A. V. Mamonov and Y.-H. R. Tsai, Point source identification in non-linear advection-diffusion-reaction systems, Inverse Problems, 29 (2013). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/29/3/035009.  Google Scholar [16] S. Osher, M. Burger, D. Goldfarb, J. Xu and W. Yin, An iterative regularization method for total variation-based image restoration, MMS, 4 (2005), 460-489. doi: 10.1137/040605412.  Google Scholar [17] Z. Wen, W. Yin, D. Goldfarb and Y. Zhang, A fast algorithm for sparse reconstruction based on shrinkage, subspace optimization and continuation, SIAM J. Scientific Computing, 32 (2010), 1832-1857. doi: 10.1137/090747695.  Google Scholar [18] W. Yin, S. Osher, D. Goldfarb and J. Darbon, Bregman iterative algorithms for $l_1$-minimization with applications to compressed sensing, SIAM J. Imaging Sciences, (2008), 143-168. doi: 10.1137/070703983.  Google Scholar
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