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September
2019, 11(3): 325-359.
doi: 10.3934/jgm.2019018
A symmetry-adapted numerical scheme for SDEs
| 1. | Institute for Applied Mathematics and HCM, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 60, 53115 Bonn, Germany |
| 2. | Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy |
We propose a geometric numerical analysis of SDEs admitting Lie symmetries which allows us to individuate a symmetry adapted coordinates system where the given SDE puts in evidence notable invariant properties. An approximation scheme preserving the symmetry properties of the equation is introduced. Our algorithmic procedure is applied to the family of general linear SDEs for which two theoretical estimates of the numerical forward error are established.
Keywords:
Lie symmetry analysis,
symmetries of stochastic differential equations,
numerical methods for stochastic differential equations,
geometric numerical integration.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 65C30, 58D19; Secondary: 60H10.
Citation:
Francesco C. De Vecchi, Andrea Romano, Stefania Ugolini. A symmetry-adapted numerical scheme for SDEs. Journal of Geometric Mechanics,
2019, 11
(3)
: 325-359.
doi: 10.3934/jgm.2019018
![]()
References:
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S. Albeverio, F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, Weak symmetries of stochastic differential equations driven by semimartingales with jumps, arXiv preprint, arXiv: 1904.10963. |
| [2] |
S. Albeverio, F. C. De Vecchi and S. Ugolini,
Entropy chaos and bose-einstein condensation, J. Stat. Phys., 168 (2017), 483-507.
doi: 10.1007/s10955-017-1820-0. |
| [3] |
C. Anton, J. Deng and Y. S. Wong,
Weak symplectic schemes for stochastic Hamiltonian equations, Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal., 43 (2014/15), 1-20.
|
| [4] |
N. Bou-Rabee and H. Owhadi,
Stochastic variational integrators, IMA J. Numer. Anal., 29 (2009), 421-443.
doi: 10.1093/imanum/drn018. |
| [5] |
N. Bou-Rabee and H. Owhadi,
Long-run accuracy of variational integrators in the stochastic context, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 48 (2010), 278-297.
doi: 10.1137/090758842. |
| [6] |
R. Campoamor-Stursberg, M. A. Rodríguez and P. Winternitz, Symmetry preserving discretization of ordinary differential equations. Large symmetry groups and higher order equations, J. Phys. A, 49 (2016), 035201, 21pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/49/3/035201. |
| [7] |
C. Chen, D. Cohen and J. Hong,
Conservative methods for stochastic differential equations with a conserved quantity, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model., 13 (2016), 435-456.
|
| [8] |
F. C. De Vecchi, Lie Symmetry Analysis and Geometrical Methods for Finite and Infinite Dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations, PhD thesis, 2017. |
| [9] |
F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, A note on symmetries of diffusions within a martingale problem approach, Stochastics and Dynamics, 19 (2019), 1950011, 21 pp.
doi: 10.1142/S0219493719500114. |
| [10] |
F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, Reduction and reconstruction of stochastic differential equations via symmetries, J. Math. Phys., 57 (2016), 123508, 22pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.4973197. |
| [11] |
F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, Symmetries of stochastic differential equations: A geometric approach, J. Math. Phys, 57 (2016), 063504, 17pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.4953374. |
| [12] |
V. Dorodnitsyn, Applications of Lie Groups to Difference Equations, vol. 8 of Differential and Integral Equations and Their Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2011.
|
| [13] |
K. Ebrahimi-Fard, A. Lundervold, S. J. A. Malham, H. Munthe-Kaas and A. Wiese,
Algebraic structure of stochastic expansions and efficient simulation, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 468 (2012), 2361-2382.
doi: 10.1098/rspa.2012.0024. |
| [14] |
N. B.-L. Eckhard Platen, Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Finance, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13694-8. |
| [15] |
A. Friedman, Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications. Vol. 1, Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers], New York-London, 1975, Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 28. |
| [16] |
P. Friz and S. Riedel,
Convergence rates for the full Gaussian rough paths, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat., 50 (2014), 154-194.
doi: 10.1214/12-AIHP507. |
| [17] |
P. K. Friz and M. Hairer, A Course on Rough Paths, Universitext, Springer, Cham, 2014, With an introduction to regularity structures.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-08332-2. |
| [18] |
G. Gaeta and N. R. Quintero,
Lie-point symmetries and stochastic differential equations, J. Phys. A, 32 (1999), 8485-8505.
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/32/48/310. |
| [19] |
E. Hairer, C. Lubich and G. Wanner, Geometric Numerical Integration, vol. 31 of Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006, Structure-preserving algorithms for ordinary differential equations. |
| [20] |
D. B. Hernández and R. Spigler,
$A$-stability of Runge-Kutta methods for systems with additive noise, BIT, 32 (1992), 620-633.
doi: 10.1007/BF01994846. |
| [21] |
D. J. Higham, Mean-square and asymptotic stability of the stochastic theta method, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 38 (2000), 753–769 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/S003614299834736X. |
| [22] |
D. J. Higham and P. E. Kloeden,
Numerical methods for nonlinear stochastic differential equations with jumps, Numer. Math., 101 (2005), 101-119.
doi: 10.1007/s00211-005-0611-8. |
| [23] |
D. J. Higham, X. Mao and C. Yuan, Almost sure and moment exponential stability in the numerical simulation of stochastic differential equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 45 (2007), 592–609 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/060658138. |
| [24] |
D. D. Holm and T. M. Tyranowski, Variational principles for stochastic soliton dynamics, Proc. A., 472 (2016), 20150827, 24pp.
doi: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0827. |
| [25] |
J. Hong, S. Zhai and J. Zhang,
Discrete gradient approach to stochastic differential equations with a conserved quantity, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 49 (2011), 2017-2038.
doi: 10.1137/090771880. |
| [26] |
A. Iserles, A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations, 2nd edition,
Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009. |
| [27] |
P. E. Kloeden and E. Platen, Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations, vol. 23 of Applications of Mathematics (New York), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-12616-5. |
| [28] |
R. Kozlov, Symmetries of systems of stochastic differential equations with diffusion matrices of full rank, J. Phys. A, 43 (2010), 245201, 16pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/43/24/245201. |
| [29] |
J.-A. Lázaro-Camí and J.-P. Ortega,
Reduction, reconstruction, and skew-product decomposition of symmetric stochastic differential equations, Stoch. Dyn., 9 (2009), 1-46.
doi: 10.1142/S0219493709002531. |
| [30] |
B. Leimkuhler and S. Reich, Simulating Hamiltonian Dynamics, vol. 14 of Cambridge Monographs on Applied and Computational Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
2004. |
| [31] |
P. Lescot and J.-C. Zambrini, Probabilistic deformation of contact geometry, diffusion processes and their quadratures, in Seminar on Stochastic Analysis, Random Fields and Applications V, vol. 59 of Progr. Probab., Birkhäuser, Basel, 2008,203–226.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8458-6_12. |
| [32] |
D. Levi, P. Olver, Z. Thomova and P. Winternitz (eds.), Symmetries and Integrability of Difference Equations, vol. 381 of London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56666-5, Lectures
from the Summer School (Séminaire de Máthematiques Supérieures) held at the Université
de Montréal, Montréal, QC, June 8–21, 2008.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511997136. |
| [33] |
D. Levi and P. Winternitz, Continuous symmetries of difference equations, J. Phys. A, 39 (2006), R1–R63.
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/2/R01. |
| [34] |
S. J. A. Malham and A. Wiese,
Stochastic Lie group integrators, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30 (2008), 597-617.
doi: 10.1137/060666743. |
| [35] |
S. V. Meleshko, Y. N. Grigoriev, N. K. Ibragimov and V. F. Kovalev, Symmetries of Integro-Differential Equations: With Applications in Mechanics and Plasma Physics, vol. 806, Springer Science & Business Media, 2010.
doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-3797-8. |
| [36] |
G. N. Milstein, E. Platen and H. Schurz, Balanced implicit methods for stiff stochastic systems, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 35 (1998), 1010–1019 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/S0036142994273525. |
| [37] |
G. N. Milstein, Y. M. Repin and M. V. Tretyakov, Numerical methods for stochastic systems preserving symplectic structure, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 40 (2002), 1583–1604 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/S0036142901395588. |
| [38] |
L. M. Morato and S. Ugolini,
Stochastic description of a bose-einstein condensate, Ann. H. Poincaré, 12 (2011), 1601-1612.
doi: 10.1007/s00023-011-0116-1. |
| [39] |
B. Øksendal, Stochastic Differential Equations, Sixth edition, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003, An introduction with applications.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14394-6. |
| [40] |
P. J. Olver, Applications of Lie Groups to Differential Equations, vol. 107 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993. |
| [41] |
É. Pardoux and P. E. Protter,
A two-sided stochastic integral and its calculus, Probab. Theory Related Fields, 76 (1987), 15-49.
doi: 10.1007/BF00390274. |
| [42] |
G. R. W. Quispel and R. I. McLachlan, Special issue on geometric numerical integration of differential equations, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 39 (2006), front matter (3 pp.).
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/19/E01. |
| [43] |
L. C. G. Rogers and D. Williams, Diffusions, Markov Processes, and Martingales, Vol. 2,
Cambridge Mathematical Library, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, Itô calculus,
Reprint of the second (1994) edition.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107590120. |
| [44] |
Y. Saito and T. Mitsui,
Stability analysis of numerical schemes for stochastic differential equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 33 (1996), 2254-2267.
doi: 10.1137/S0036142992228409. |
| [45] |
M. Tao, H. Owhadi and J. E. Marsden,
Nonintrusive and structure preserving multiscale integration of stiff ODEs, SDEs, and Hamiltonian systems with hidden slow dynamics via flow averaging, Multiscale Model. Simul., 8 (2010), 1269-1324.
doi: 10.1137/090771648. |
| [46] |
A. Tocino,
Mean-square stability of second-order Runge-Kutta methods for stochastic differential equations, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 175 (2005), 355-367.
doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2004.05.019. |
| [47] |
L. Wang, J. Hong, R. Scherer and F. Bai,
Dynamics and variational integrators of stochastic Hamiltonian systems, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model., 6 (2009), 586-602.
|
| [48] |
C. Yuan and X. Mao,
Stability in distribution of numerical solutions for stochastic differential equations, Stochastic Anal. Appl., 22 (2004), 1133-1150.
doi: 10.1081/SAP-200026423. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
S. Albeverio, F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, Weak symmetries of stochastic differential equations driven by semimartingales with jumps, arXiv preprint, arXiv: 1904.10963. |
| [2] |
S. Albeverio, F. C. De Vecchi and S. Ugolini,
Entropy chaos and bose-einstein condensation, J. Stat. Phys., 168 (2017), 483-507.
doi: 10.1007/s10955-017-1820-0. |
| [3] |
C. Anton, J. Deng and Y. S. Wong,
Weak symplectic schemes for stochastic Hamiltonian equations, Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal., 43 (2014/15), 1-20.
|
| [4] |
N. Bou-Rabee and H. Owhadi,
Stochastic variational integrators, IMA J. Numer. Anal., 29 (2009), 421-443.
doi: 10.1093/imanum/drn018. |
| [5] |
N. Bou-Rabee and H. Owhadi,
Long-run accuracy of variational integrators in the stochastic context, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 48 (2010), 278-297.
doi: 10.1137/090758842. |
| [6] |
R. Campoamor-Stursberg, M. A. Rodríguez and P. Winternitz, Symmetry preserving discretization of ordinary differential equations. Large symmetry groups and higher order equations, J. Phys. A, 49 (2016), 035201, 21pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/49/3/035201. |
| [7] |
C. Chen, D. Cohen and J. Hong,
Conservative methods for stochastic differential equations with a conserved quantity, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model., 13 (2016), 435-456.
|
| [8] |
F. C. De Vecchi, Lie Symmetry Analysis and Geometrical Methods for Finite and Infinite Dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations, PhD thesis, 2017. |
| [9] |
F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, A note on symmetries of diffusions within a martingale problem approach, Stochastics and Dynamics, 19 (2019), 1950011, 21 pp.
doi: 10.1142/S0219493719500114. |
| [10] |
F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, Reduction and reconstruction of stochastic differential equations via symmetries, J. Math. Phys., 57 (2016), 123508, 22pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.4973197. |
| [11] |
F. C. De Vecchi, P. Morando and S. Ugolini, Symmetries of stochastic differential equations: A geometric approach, J. Math. Phys, 57 (2016), 063504, 17pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.4953374. |
| [12] |
V. Dorodnitsyn, Applications of Lie Groups to Difference Equations, vol. 8 of Differential and Integral Equations and Their Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2011.
|
| [13] |
K. Ebrahimi-Fard, A. Lundervold, S. J. A. Malham, H. Munthe-Kaas and A. Wiese,
Algebraic structure of stochastic expansions and efficient simulation, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 468 (2012), 2361-2382.
doi: 10.1098/rspa.2012.0024. |
| [14] |
N. B.-L. Eckhard Platen, Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Finance, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13694-8. |
| [15] |
A. Friedman, Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications. Vol. 1, Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers], New York-London, 1975, Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 28. |
| [16] |
P. Friz and S. Riedel,
Convergence rates for the full Gaussian rough paths, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat., 50 (2014), 154-194.
doi: 10.1214/12-AIHP507. |
| [17] |
P. K. Friz and M. Hairer, A Course on Rough Paths, Universitext, Springer, Cham, 2014, With an introduction to regularity structures.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-08332-2. |
| [18] |
G. Gaeta and N. R. Quintero,
Lie-point symmetries and stochastic differential equations, J. Phys. A, 32 (1999), 8485-8505.
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/32/48/310. |
| [19] |
E. Hairer, C. Lubich and G. Wanner, Geometric Numerical Integration, vol. 31 of Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006, Structure-preserving algorithms for ordinary differential equations. |
| [20] |
D. B. Hernández and R. Spigler,
$A$-stability of Runge-Kutta methods for systems with additive noise, BIT, 32 (1992), 620-633.
doi: 10.1007/BF01994846. |
| [21] |
D. J. Higham, Mean-square and asymptotic stability of the stochastic theta method, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 38 (2000), 753–769 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/S003614299834736X. |
| [22] |
D. J. Higham and P. E. Kloeden,
Numerical methods for nonlinear stochastic differential equations with jumps, Numer. Math., 101 (2005), 101-119.
doi: 10.1007/s00211-005-0611-8. |
| [23] |
D. J. Higham, X. Mao and C. Yuan, Almost sure and moment exponential stability in the numerical simulation of stochastic differential equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 45 (2007), 592–609 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/060658138. |
| [24] |
D. D. Holm and T. M. Tyranowski, Variational principles for stochastic soliton dynamics, Proc. A., 472 (2016), 20150827, 24pp.
doi: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0827. |
| [25] |
J. Hong, S. Zhai and J. Zhang,
Discrete gradient approach to stochastic differential equations with a conserved quantity, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 49 (2011), 2017-2038.
doi: 10.1137/090771880. |
| [26] |
A. Iserles, A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations, 2nd edition,
Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009. |
| [27] |
P. E. Kloeden and E. Platen, Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations, vol. 23 of Applications of Mathematics (New York), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-12616-5. |
| [28] |
R. Kozlov, Symmetries of systems of stochastic differential equations with diffusion matrices of full rank, J. Phys. A, 43 (2010), 245201, 16pp.
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/43/24/245201. |
| [29] |
J.-A. Lázaro-Camí and J.-P. Ortega,
Reduction, reconstruction, and skew-product decomposition of symmetric stochastic differential equations, Stoch. Dyn., 9 (2009), 1-46.
doi: 10.1142/S0219493709002531. |
| [30] |
B. Leimkuhler and S. Reich, Simulating Hamiltonian Dynamics, vol. 14 of Cambridge Monographs on Applied and Computational Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
2004. |
| [31] |
P. Lescot and J.-C. Zambrini, Probabilistic deformation of contact geometry, diffusion processes and their quadratures, in Seminar on Stochastic Analysis, Random Fields and Applications V, vol. 59 of Progr. Probab., Birkhäuser, Basel, 2008,203–226.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8458-6_12. |
| [32] |
D. Levi, P. Olver, Z. Thomova and P. Winternitz (eds.), Symmetries and Integrability of Difference Equations, vol. 381 of London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56666-5, Lectures
from the Summer School (Séminaire de Máthematiques Supérieures) held at the Université
de Montréal, Montréal, QC, June 8–21, 2008.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511997136. |
| [33] |
D. Levi and P. Winternitz, Continuous symmetries of difference equations, J. Phys. A, 39 (2006), R1–R63.
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/2/R01. |
| [34] |
S. J. A. Malham and A. Wiese,
Stochastic Lie group integrators, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30 (2008), 597-617.
doi: 10.1137/060666743. |
| [35] |
S. V. Meleshko, Y. N. Grigoriev, N. K. Ibragimov and V. F. Kovalev, Symmetries of Integro-Differential Equations: With Applications in Mechanics and Plasma Physics, vol. 806, Springer Science & Business Media, 2010.
doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-3797-8. |
| [36] |
G. N. Milstein, E. Platen and H. Schurz, Balanced implicit methods for stiff stochastic systems, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 35 (1998), 1010–1019 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/S0036142994273525. |
| [37] |
G. N. Milstein, Y. M. Repin and M. V. Tretyakov, Numerical methods for stochastic systems preserving symplectic structure, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 40 (2002), 1583–1604 (electronic).
doi: 10.1137/S0036142901395588. |
| [38] |
L. M. Morato and S. Ugolini,
Stochastic description of a bose-einstein condensate, Ann. H. Poincaré, 12 (2011), 1601-1612.
doi: 10.1007/s00023-011-0116-1. |
| [39] |
B. Øksendal, Stochastic Differential Equations, Sixth edition, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003, An introduction with applications.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14394-6. |
| [40] |
P. J. Olver, Applications of Lie Groups to Differential Equations, vol. 107 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993. |
| [41] |
É. Pardoux and P. E. Protter,
A two-sided stochastic integral and its calculus, Probab. Theory Related Fields, 76 (1987), 15-49.
doi: 10.1007/BF00390274. |
| [42] |
G. R. W. Quispel and R. I. McLachlan, Special issue on geometric numerical integration of differential equations, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 39 (2006), front matter (3 pp.).
doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/19/E01. |
| [43] |
L. C. G. Rogers and D. Williams, Diffusions, Markov Processes, and Martingales, Vol. 2,
Cambridge Mathematical Library, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, Itô calculus,
Reprint of the second (1994) edition.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107590120. |
| [44] |
Y. Saito and T. Mitsui,
Stability analysis of numerical schemes for stochastic differential equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 33 (1996), 2254-2267.
doi: 10.1137/S0036142992228409. |
| [45] |
M. Tao, H. Owhadi and J. E. Marsden,
Nonintrusive and structure preserving multiscale integration of stiff ODEs, SDEs, and Hamiltonian systems with hidden slow dynamics via flow averaging, Multiscale Model. Simul., 8 (2010), 1269-1324.
doi: 10.1137/090771648. |
| [46] |
A. Tocino,
Mean-square stability of second-order Runge-Kutta methods for stochastic differential equations, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 175 (2005), 355-367.
doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2004.05.019. |
| [47] |
L. Wang, J. Hong, R. Scherer and F. Bai,
Dynamics and variational integrators of stochastic Hamiltonian systems, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model., 6 (2009), 586-602.
|
| [48] |
C. Yuan and X. Mao,
Stability in distribution of numerical solutions for stochastic differential equations, Stochastic Anal. Appl., 22 (2004), 1133-1150.
doi: 10.1081/SAP-200026423. |
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