Figure 1.
Model of the dynamical system with one isolated discrete delay element
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January
2017, 14(1): 165-178.
doi: 10.3934/mbe.2017011
Estimation of initial functions for systems with delays from discrete measurements
Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland |
The work presents a gradient-based approach to estimation of initial functions of time delay elements appearing in models of dynamical systems. It is shown how to generate the gradient of the estimation objective function in the initial function space using adjoint sensitivity analysis. It is assumed that the system is continuous-time and described by ordinary differential equations with delays but the estimation is done based on discrete-time measurements of the signals appearing in the system. Results of gradient-based estimation of initial functions for exemplary models are presented and discussed.
Keywords:
Delay differential equations,
systems with delays,
initial functions,
parameter estimation,
adjoint sensitivity analysis,
sampled systems.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 65M99, 65K05, 93E12; Secondary: 93C57.
Citation:
Krzysztof Fujarewicz. Estimation of initial functions for systems with delays from discrete measurements. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering,
2017, 14
(1)
: 165-178.
doi: 10.3934/mbe.2017011
![]()
References:
| [1] |
M. Anguelova and B. Wennberg,
State elimination and identifiability of the delay parameter for nonlinear time-delay systems, Automatica, 44 (2008), 1373-1378.
doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2007.10.013. |
| [2] |
C. T. H. Baker and E. I. Parmuzin,
Identification of the initial function for nonlinear delay differential equations, Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Modelling, 20 (2005), 45-66.
doi: 10.1515/1569398053270831. |
| [3] |
C. T. H. Baker and E. I. Parmuzin,
Initial function estimation for scalar neutral delay differential equations, Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Modelling, 23 (2008), 163-183.
doi: 10.1515/RJNAMM.2008.010. |
| [4] |
L. Belkoura, J. P. Richard and M. Fliess,
Parameters estimation of systems with delayed and structured entries, Automatica, 45 (2009), 1117-1125.
doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2008.12.026. |
| [5] |
K. Fujarewicz and A. Galuszka,
Generalized backpropagation through time for continuous time neural networks and discrete time measurements, Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing -ICAISC 2004 (eds. L. Rutkowski, J. Siekmann, R. Tadeusiewicz and L. A. Zadeh), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3070 (2004), 190-196.
|
| [6] |
K. Fujarewicz, M. Kimmel and A. Swierniak,
On fitting of mathematical models of cell signaling pathways using adjoint systems, Math. Biosci. Eng., 2 (2005), 527-534.
doi: 10.3934/mbe.2005.2.527. |
| [7] |
K. Fujarewicz, M. Kimmel, T. Lipniacki and A. Swierniak,
Adjoint systems for models of cell signalling pathways and their application to parametr fitting, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 4 (2007), 322-335.
|
| [8] |
K. Fujarewicz and K. Lakomiec,
Parameter estimation of systems with delays via structural sensitivity analysis, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems -series B, 19 (2014), 2521-2533.
doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.2521. |
| [9] |
K. Fujarewicz and K. Lakomiec,
Adjoint sensitivity analysis of a tumor growth model and its application to spatiotemporal radiotherapy optimization, Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 13 (2016), 1131-1142.
|
| [10] |
M. Jakubczak and K. Fujarewicz,
Application of adjoint sensitivity analysis to parameter estimation of age-structured model of cell cycle, in Information Technologies in Medicine, (eds. E. Pietka, P. Badura, J. Kawa and W. Wieclawek), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 472 (2016), 123-131.
|
| [11] |
K. Ł akomiec, S. Kumala, R. Hancock, J. Rzeszowska-Wolny and K. Fujarewicz, Modeling the repair of DNA strand breaks caused by $γ$-radiation in a minichromosome,
Physical Biology 11 (2014), 045003. |
| [12] |
M. Liu, Q. G. Wang, B. Huang and C. C. Hang,
Improved identification of continuous-time delay processes from piecewise step tests, Journal of Process Control, 17 (2007), 51-57.
doi: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2006.08.002. |
| [13] |
R. Loxton, K. L. Teo and V. Rehbock,
An optimization approach to state-delay identification, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 55 (2010), 2113-2119.
doi: 10.1109/TAC.2010.2050710. |
| [14] |
B. Ni, D. Xiao and S. L. Shah,
Time delay estimation for MIMO dynamical systems with time-frequency domain analysis, Journal of Process Control, 20 (2010), 83-94.
doi: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2009.10.002. |
| [15] |
B. Rakshit, A. R. Chowdhury and P. Saha,
Parameter estimation of a delay dynamical system using synchronization inpresence of noise, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 32 (2007), 1278-1284.
|
| [16] |
J. P. Richard,
Time-delay systems: An overview of some recent advances and open problems, Automatica, 39 (2003), 1667-1694.
doi: 10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00167-5. |
| [17] |
Y. Tang and X. Guan,
Parameter estimation of chaotic system with time-delay: A differential evolution approach, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 42 (2009), 3132-3139.
doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2009.04.045. |
| [18] |
Y. Tang and X. Guan,
Parameter estimation for time-delay chaotic systems by particle swarm optimization, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 40 (2009), 1391-1398.
doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2007.09.055. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
M. Anguelova and B. Wennberg,
State elimination and identifiability of the delay parameter for nonlinear time-delay systems, Automatica, 44 (2008), 1373-1378.
doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2007.10.013. |
| [2] |
C. T. H. Baker and E. I. Parmuzin,
Identification of the initial function for nonlinear delay differential equations, Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Modelling, 20 (2005), 45-66.
doi: 10.1515/1569398053270831. |
| [3] |
C. T. H. Baker and E. I. Parmuzin,
Initial function estimation for scalar neutral delay differential equations, Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Modelling, 23 (2008), 163-183.
doi: 10.1515/RJNAMM.2008.010. |
| [4] |
L. Belkoura, J. P. Richard and M. Fliess,
Parameters estimation of systems with delayed and structured entries, Automatica, 45 (2009), 1117-1125.
doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2008.12.026. |
| [5] |
K. Fujarewicz and A. Galuszka,
Generalized backpropagation through time for continuous time neural networks and discrete time measurements, Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing -ICAISC 2004 (eds. L. Rutkowski, J. Siekmann, R. Tadeusiewicz and L. A. Zadeh), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3070 (2004), 190-196.
|
| [6] |
K. Fujarewicz, M. Kimmel and A. Swierniak,
On fitting of mathematical models of cell signaling pathways using adjoint systems, Math. Biosci. Eng., 2 (2005), 527-534.
doi: 10.3934/mbe.2005.2.527. |
| [7] |
K. Fujarewicz, M. Kimmel, T. Lipniacki and A. Swierniak,
Adjoint systems for models of cell signalling pathways and their application to parametr fitting, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 4 (2007), 322-335.
|
| [8] |
K. Fujarewicz and K. Lakomiec,
Parameter estimation of systems with delays via structural sensitivity analysis, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems -series B, 19 (2014), 2521-2533.
doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.2521. |
| [9] |
K. Fujarewicz and K. Lakomiec,
Adjoint sensitivity analysis of a tumor growth model and its application to spatiotemporal radiotherapy optimization, Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 13 (2016), 1131-1142.
|
| [10] |
M. Jakubczak and K. Fujarewicz,
Application of adjoint sensitivity analysis to parameter estimation of age-structured model of cell cycle, in Information Technologies in Medicine, (eds. E. Pietka, P. Badura, J. Kawa and W. Wieclawek), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 472 (2016), 123-131.
|
| [11] |
K. Ł akomiec, S. Kumala, R. Hancock, J. Rzeszowska-Wolny and K. Fujarewicz, Modeling the repair of DNA strand breaks caused by $γ$-radiation in a minichromosome,
Physical Biology 11 (2014), 045003. |
| [12] |
M. Liu, Q. G. Wang, B. Huang and C. C. Hang,
Improved identification of continuous-time delay processes from piecewise step tests, Journal of Process Control, 17 (2007), 51-57.
doi: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2006.08.002. |
| [13] |
R. Loxton, K. L. Teo and V. Rehbock,
An optimization approach to state-delay identification, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 55 (2010), 2113-2119.
doi: 10.1109/TAC.2010.2050710. |
| [14] |
B. Ni, D. Xiao and S. L. Shah,
Time delay estimation for MIMO dynamical systems with time-frequency domain analysis, Journal of Process Control, 20 (2010), 83-94.
doi: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2009.10.002. |
| [15] |
B. Rakshit, A. R. Chowdhury and P. Saha,
Parameter estimation of a delay dynamical system using synchronization inpresence of noise, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 32 (2007), 1278-1284.
|
| [16] |
J. P. Richard,
Time-delay systems: An overview of some recent advances and open problems, Automatica, 39 (2003), 1667-1694.
doi: 10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00167-5. |
| [17] |
Y. Tang and X. Guan,
Parameter estimation of chaotic system with time-delay: A differential evolution approach, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 42 (2009), 3132-3139.
doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2009.04.045. |
| [18] |
Y. Tang and X. Guan,
Parameter estimation for time-delay chaotic systems by particle swarm optimization, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 40 (2009), 1391-1398.
doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2007.09.055. |
Figure 2.
Alternative structural representation of the delay element with additional input signal and zero initial condition
Figure 4.
The extended model
Figure 6.
Block diagram of the model A, used in Examples 1-4
Figure 8.
Results of the numerical example 1; (a) － true and estimated initial function $\psi(t)$ , (b) － output signal $y(t)$ of the model and the plant, note they are nearly indistinguishable due to very small prediction error, (c) － objective function value, (d) － prediction error i.e. difference between output signals of the plant and the model
Figure 9.
Results of the numerical example 2
Figure 10.
Results of the numerical example 3
Figure 11.
Results of the numerical example 4
Figure 12.
Block diagram of the model B, used in Example 5
Figure 13.
Results of the numerical example 5
Figure 14.
Block diagram of the model C, used in Example 6
Figure 15.
Results of the numerical example 6
Figure 7.
The adjoint system for the model A generating two signals: $\beta(t)$ which is a reversed in time gradient $\nabla_{\psi(t)}J$ and $\gamma(t)$ which integrated over time interval $(0,t_f)$ is equal to the gradient $\nabla_{\tau}J$
Table 1.
Comparison of six numerical examples
| Example | Model | Number of delays | Sampling time | Initial function(s) | Delay time(s) | Results |
| 1 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0+ | Estimated | Known | Fig. 8 |
| 2 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0+ | Estimated | Estimated | Fig. 9 |
| 3 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0.1 | Estimated | Estimated | Fig. 10 |
| 4 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0.1 | Fixed (=0) | Estimated | Fig. 11 |
| 5 | B (Fig. 12) | 2 | 0+ | Estimated | Known | Fig. 13 |
| 6 | C (Fig. 14) | 2 | 0+ | Estimated | Known | Fig. 15 |
| Example | Model | Number of delays | Sampling time | Initial function(s) | Delay time(s) | Results |
| 1 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0+ | Estimated | Known | Fig. 8 |
| 2 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0+ | Estimated | Estimated | Fig. 9 |
| 3 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0.1 | Estimated | Estimated | Fig. 10 |
| 4 | A (Fig. 6) | 1 | 0.1 | Fixed (=0) | Estimated | Fig. 11 |
| 5 | B (Fig. 12) | 2 | 0+ | Estimated | Known | Fig. 13 |
| 6 | C (Fig. 14) | 2 | 0+ | Estimated | Known | Fig. 15 |
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