# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

September  2011, 1(3): 267-306. doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2011.1.267

## Recent results on the controllability of linear coupled parabolic problems: A survey

 1 Laboratoire de Mathématiques, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besancon cedex, France 2 Centre de Mathématiques et Informatique, Université Aix-Marseille 1, Technopôle Château-Gombert, 39, rue F. Joliot Curie, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France 3 Dpto. E.D.A.N., University of Sevilla, Aptdo. 1160, 41080 Sevilla 4 Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico

Received  April 2011 Revised  July 2011 Published  September 2011

This paper tries to summarize recent results on the controllability of systems of (several) parabolic equations. The emphasis is placed on the extension of the Kalman rank condition (for finite dimensional systems of differential equations) to parabolic systems. This question is itself tied with the proof of global Carleman estimates for systems and leads to a wide field of open problems.
Citation: Farid Ammar-Khodja, Assia Benabdallah, Manuel González-Burgos, Luz de Teresa. Recent results on the controllability of linear coupled parabolic problems: A survey. Mathematical Control & Related Fields, 2011, 1 (3) : 267-306. doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2011.1.267
##### References:
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##### References:
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Ammar-Khodja, A. Benabdallah, M. González-Burgos and L. de Teresa, Condensation index and necessary and sufficient conditions for the null controllability of abstract systems. Application to the boundary null controllability of coupled parabolic systems,, in preparation., ().   Google Scholar [10] C. Bardos, G. Lebeau and J. Rauch, Sharp sufficient conditions for the observation, control, and stabilization of waves from the boundary, SIAM J. Control Optim., 30 (1992), 1024-1065.  Google Scholar [11] A. Benabdallah, M. Cristofol, P. Gaitan and L. de Teresa, A new Carleman inequality for parabolic systems with a single observation and applications, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 348 (2010), 25-29.  Google Scholar [12] A. Benabdallah and M. G. Naso, Null controllability of a thermoelastic plate, Abstr. Appl. Anal., 7 (2002), 585-599. doi: 10.1155/S108533750220408X.  Google Scholar [13] O. Bodart and C. 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Anal., 43 (1971), 272-292.  Google Scholar [28] H. O. Fattorini and D. L. Russell, Uniform bounds on biorthogonal functions for real exponentials with an application to the control theory of parabolic equations,, Quart. Appl. Math., 32 (): 45.   Google Scholar [29] E. Fernández-Cara, Some controllability results in fluid mechanics, in "Partial Differential Equations and Fluid Mechanics," 64-80, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., 364, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2009.  Google Scholar [30] E. Fernández-Cara, G. García and A. Osses, Controls insensitizing the observation of a quasi-geostrophic ocean model, SIAM J. Control and Optim., 43 (2005), 1616-1639.  Google Scholar [31] E. Fernández-Cara and S. Guerrero, Global Carleman inequalities for parabolic systems and applications to controllability, SIAM J. Control Optim., 45 (2006), 1399-1446.  Google Scholar [32] E. Fernández-Cara, M. González-Burgos and L. de Teresa, Boundary controllability of parabolic coupled equations, J. Funct. Anal., 259 (2010), 1720-1758. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2010.06.003.  Google Scholar [33] E. Fernández-Cara, M. González-Burgos and L. de Teresa, Controllability of linear and semilinear non-diagonalizable parabolic systems,, in preparation., ().   Google Scholar [34] E. Fernández-Cara, S. Guerrero, O. Yu. Imanuvilov and J.-P. Puel, Local exact controllability of the Navier-Stokes system, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9), 83 (2004), 1501-1542.  Google Scholar [35] E. Fernández-Cara, S. Guerrero, O. Yu. Imanuvilov, J.-P. Puel, Some controllability results for the $N$ -dimensional Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq systems with $N-1$ scalar controls, SIAM J. Control Optim., 45 (2006), 146-173. doi: 10.1137/04061965X.  Google Scholar [36] E. Fernández-Cara and E. Zuazua, Null and approximate controllability for weakly blowing up semilinear heat equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 17 (2000), 583-616.  Google Scholar [37] E. Fernández-Cara and E. Zuazua, The cost of approximate controllability for heat equations: The linear case, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 465-514.  Google Scholar [38] A. Fursikov and O. Yu. Imanuvilov, Exact controllability of the Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq equations, (Russian) Uspekhi Mat. Nauk, 54 (1999), 93-146; translation in Russian Math. Surveys, 54 (1999), 565-618  Google Scholar [39] A. Fursikov and O. Yu. Imanuvilov, "Controllability of Evolution Equations," Lecture Notes Series, 34, Seoul National University, Research Institute of Mathematics, Global Analysis Research Center, Seoul, 1996.  Google Scholar [40] M. González-Burgos and R. Pérez-García, Controllability results for some nonlinear coupled parabolic systems by one control force, Asymptot. Anal., 46 (2006), 123-162.  Google Scholar [41] M. González-Burgos and L. de Teresa, Controllability results for cascade systems of $m$ coupled parabolic PDEs by one control force, Port. Math., 67 (2010), 91-113.  Google Scholar [42] S. 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