A new kind of Bi-variate $ \lambda $ -Bernstein-Kantorovich type operator with shifted knots and its associated GBS form

Purshottam Narain Agrawal; Behar Baxhaku; Rahul Shukla

doi:10.3934/mfc.2021025

Article Contents

2022, Volume 5, Issue 3: 157-172. Doi: 10.3934/mfc.2021025

This issue Previous Article Preface: Special issue on approximation by linear and nonlinear operators with applications. Part Ⅱ Next Article On bivariate Jain operators

A new kind of Bi-variate $ \lambda $ -Bernstein-Kantorovich type operator with shifted knots and its associated GBS form

1.
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, India
2.
Department of Mathematics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo

^* Corresponding author: Rahul Shukla
^* Corresponding author: Rahul Shukla

Dedicated to Prof. R. P. Agarwal on his 74^th birthday

Received: May 31, 2021

Revised: July 31, 2021

Early access: October 2021

Published: August 2022

The third author is supported by MoE, Govt. of India as a Senior Research Fellow

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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a bi-variate case of a new kind of $ \lambda $-Bernstein-Kantorovich type operator with shifted knots defined by Rahman et al. [31]. The rate of convergence of the bi-variate operators is obtained in terms of the complete and partial moduli of continuity. Next, we give an error estimate in the approximation of a function in the Lipschitz class and establish a Voronovskaja type theorem. Also, we define the associated GBS(Generalized Boolean Sum) operators and study the degree of approximation of Bögel continuous and Bögel differentiable functions by these operators with the aid of the mixed modulus of smoothness. Finally, we show the rate of convergence of the bi-variate operators and their GBS case for certain functions by illustrative graphics and tables using MATLAB algorithms.

Keywords:

Bi-variate $ \lambda- $Bernstein-Kantorovich operators,
GBS operators,
rate of convergence,
modulus of continuity.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 41A36, 41A25, 26A15, 26A16.

Citation:

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Figure 1. The convergence of operators $ K_{m_{1}, m_{2}, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(f(t, s);x, y) $ to the function $ f(x, y). $

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Figure 2. The convergence of operators $ T_{m_{1}, m_{2}, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(.;x, y) $ to the function $ f(x, y). $

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Table 1. Error of approximation for operators $ K_{m_{1}, m_{2}, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(f(t, s);x, y) $ to the function $ f(x, y). $

(x, y)	$ \|K_{5, 5, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(f)-f(x, y)\| $	$ \|K_{20, 20, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(f)-f(x, y)\| $	$ \|K_{30, 30, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(f)-f(x, y)\| $
(0, 0.1)	0.0014	0.000046	0.0000017
(0, 0.2)	0.0023	0.000113	0.0000469
(0, 0.4)	0.0042	0.000328	0.0001480
(0, 0.6)	0.0065	0.000649	0.0003044
(0.3, 0.2)	0.0104	0.002238	0.0014384
(0.4, 0.6)	0.0574	0.005843	0.0040092
(0.7, 0.85)	0.0044	0.015745	0.0010459
(0.9, 0.9)	0.0041	0.049901	0.0343900

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Table 2. Error of approximation for operators $ T_{m_{1}, m_{2}, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}(.;x, y) $ to the function $ f(x, y). $

(x, y)	$ \|T_{5, 5, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}-f(x, y)\| $	$ \|T_{20, 20, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}-f(x, y)\| $	$ \|T_{30, 30, \lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}}^{\alpha_{1}, \beta_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \beta_{2}}-f(x, y)\| $
(0, 0.1)	0.000347569	0.0000078	0.00000246
(0, 0.2)	0.000201932	0.0000009	0.00000039
(0, 0.4)	0.000862538	0.0000596	0.00002016
(0, 0.6)	0.002918733	0.0001733	0.00005868
(0.3, 0.2)	0.002621451	0.0003985	0.00012684
(0.4, 0.6)	0.012447883	0.0012800	0.00000967
(0.7, 0.85)	0.020700332	0.0083391	0.00698802
(0.9, 0.9)	0.081198311	0.0232949	0.01644060

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