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1935-9179
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2010 , Volume 17
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2010, 17: 1-11
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.1
+[Abstract](3215)
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Abstract:
We show that under quite general conditions, various multifractal spectra may be obtained as Legendre transforms of functions $T$: $ \RR\to \RR$ arising in the thermodynamic formalism. We impose minimal requirements on the maps we consider, and obtain partial results for any continuous map $f$ on a compact metric space. In order to obtain complete results, the primary hypothesis we require is that the functions $T$ be continuously differentiable. This makes rigorous the general paradigm of reducing questions regarding the multifractal formalism to questions regarding the thermodynamic formalism. These results hold for a broad class of measurable potentials, which includes (but is not limited to) continuous functions. Applications include most previously known results, as well as some new ones.
We show that under quite general conditions, various multifractal spectra may be obtained as Legendre transforms of functions $T$: $ \RR\to \RR$ arising in the thermodynamic formalism. We impose minimal requirements on the maps we consider, and obtain partial results for any continuous map $f$ on a compact metric space. In order to obtain complete results, the primary hypothesis we require is that the functions $T$ be continuously differentiable. This makes rigorous the general paradigm of reducing questions regarding the multifractal formalism to questions regarding the thermodynamic formalism. These results hold for a broad class of measurable potentials, which includes (but is not limited to) continuous functions. Applications include most previously known results, as well as some new ones.
2010, 17: 12-19
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.12
+[Abstract](2883)
+[PDF](160.5KB)
Abstract:
We give a new proof of the sharp weighted $L^p$ inequality
We give a new proof of the sharp weighted $L^p$ inequality
$ |\|T\||_{L^p(w)} \leq C_{n,T}[w]_{A_p}^{\max(1,\frac{1}{p-1})}, $
where $T$ is the Hilbert transform, a Riesz transform, the
Beurling-Ahlfors operator or any operator that can be approximated
by Haar shift operators. Our proof avoids the Bellman function
technique and two weight norm inequalities. We use instead a recent
result due to A. Lerner [15] to estimate the
oscillation of dyadic operators.
The method we use is flexible enough to obtain the sharp one-weight
result for other important operators as well as a very sharp
two-weight bump type result for $T$ as can be found in
[5].
2010, 17: 20-33
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.20
+[Abstract](2229)
+[PDF](834.7KB)
Abstract:
We study a two-parameter family of one-dimensional maps and the related $(a,b)$-continued fractions suggested for consideration by Don Zagier and announce the following results and outline their proofs: (i) the associated natural extension maps have attractors with finite rectangular structure for the entire parameter set except for a Cantor-like set of one-dimensional zero measure that we completely describe; (ii) for a dense open set of parameters the Reduction theory conjecture holds, i.e. every point is mapped to the attractor after finitely many iterations. We also give an application of this theory to coding geodesics on the modular surface and outline the computation of the smooth invariant measures associated with these transformations.
We study a two-parameter family of one-dimensional maps and the related $(a,b)$-continued fractions suggested for consideration by Don Zagier and announce the following results and outline their proofs: (i) the associated natural extension maps have attractors with finite rectangular structure for the entire parameter set except for a Cantor-like set of one-dimensional zero measure that we completely describe; (ii) for a dense open set of parameters the Reduction theory conjecture holds, i.e. every point is mapped to the attractor after finitely many iterations. We also give an application of this theory to coding geodesics on the modular surface and outline the computation of the smooth invariant measures associated with these transformations.
2010, 17: 34-42
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.34
+[Abstract](3231)
+[PDF](173.1KB)
Abstract:
The main results announced in this note are an asymptotic expansion for ergodic integrals of translation flows on flat surfaces of higher genus (Theorem 1) and a limit theorem for such flows (Theorem 2). Given an abelian differential on a compact oriented surface, consider the space $\mathfrak B^+$ of Hölder cocycles over the corresponding vertical flow that are invariant under holonomy by the horizontal flow. Cocycles in $\mathfrak B^+$ are closely related to G.Forni's invariant distributions for translation flows [10]. Theorem 1 states that ergodic integrals of Lipschitz functions are approximated by cocycles in $\mathfrak B^+$ up to an error that grows more slowly than any power of time. Theorem 2 is obtained using the renormalizing action of the Teichmüller flow on the space $\mathfrak B^+$. A symbolic representation of translation flows as suspension flows over Vershik's automorphisms allows one to construct cocycles in $\mathfrak B^+$ explicitly. Proofs of Theorems 1, 2 are given in [5].
The main results announced in this note are an asymptotic expansion for ergodic integrals of translation flows on flat surfaces of higher genus (Theorem 1) and a limit theorem for such flows (Theorem 2). Given an abelian differential on a compact oriented surface, consider the space $\mathfrak B^+$ of Hölder cocycles over the corresponding vertical flow that are invariant under holonomy by the horizontal flow. Cocycles in $\mathfrak B^+$ are closely related to G.Forni's invariant distributions for translation flows [10]. Theorem 1 states that ergodic integrals of Lipschitz functions are approximated by cocycles in $\mathfrak B^+$ up to an error that grows more slowly than any power of time. Theorem 2 is obtained using the renormalizing action of the Teichmüller flow on the space $\mathfrak B^+$. A symbolic representation of translation flows as suspension flows over Vershik's automorphisms allows one to construct cocycles in $\mathfrak B^+$ explicitly. Proofs of Theorems 1, 2 are given in [5].
2010, 17: 43-56
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.43
+[Abstract](2835)
+[PDF](219.8KB)
Abstract:
We study Gauss curvature for random Riemannian metrics on a compact surface, lying in a fixed conformal class; our questions are motivated by comparison geometry. We next consider analogous questions for the scalar curvature in dimension $n>2$, and for the $Q$-curvature of random Riemannian metrics.
We study Gauss curvature for random Riemannian metrics on a compact surface, lying in a fixed conformal class; our questions are motivated by comparison geometry. We next consider analogous questions for the scalar curvature in dimension $n>2$, and for the $Q$-curvature of random Riemannian metrics.
2010, 17: 57-67
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.57
+[Abstract](2573)
+[PDF](202.0KB)
Abstract:
This is an informal announcement of results to be described and proved in detail in [3]. We give various results on the structure of approximate subgroups in linear groups such as ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_n}(k)$. For example, generalizing a result of Helfgott (who handled the cases $n = 2$ and $3$), we show that any approximate subgroup of ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_n}({\mathbb{F}_q})$ which generates the group must be either very small or else nearly all of ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_n}({\mathbb{F}_q})$. The argument is valid for all Chevalley groups $G(\mathbb{F}_q)$. Extending work of Bourgain-Gamburd we also announce some applications to expanders, which will be proven in detail in [4].
This is an informal announcement of results to be described and proved in detail in [3]. We give various results on the structure of approximate subgroups in linear groups such as ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_n}(k)$. For example, generalizing a result of Helfgott (who handled the cases $n = 2$ and $3$), we show that any approximate subgroup of ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_n}({\mathbb{F}_q})$ which generates the group must be either very small or else nearly all of ${\rm{S}}{{\rm{L}}_n}({\mathbb{F}_q})$. The argument is valid for all Chevalley groups $G(\mathbb{F}_q)$. Extending work of Bourgain-Gamburd we also announce some applications to expanders, which will be proven in detail in [4].
2010, 17: 68-79
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.68
+[Abstract](2066)
+[PDF](192.4KB)
Abstract:
We prove the local differentiable rigidity of partially hyperbolic abelian algebraic high-rank actions on compact homogeneous spaces obtained from simple indefinite orthogonal and unitary groups. The conclusions are based on geometric Katok-Damjanovic way and progress towards computations of the Schur multipliers of these non-split groups.
We prove the local differentiable rigidity of partially hyperbolic abelian algebraic high-rank actions on compact homogeneous spaces obtained from simple indefinite orthogonal and unitary groups. The conclusions are based on geometric Katok-Damjanovic way and progress towards computations of the Schur multipliers of these non-split groups.
2010, 17: 80-89
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.80
+[Abstract](2166)
+[PDF](182.0KB)
Abstract:
In several contexts the defining invariant structures of a hyperbolic dynamical system are smooth only in systems of algebraic origin, and we prove new results of this smooth rigidity type for a class of flows.
For a transversely symplectic uniformly quasiconformal $C^2$ Anosov flow on a compact Riemannian manifold we define the longitudinal KAM-cocycle and use it to prove a rigidity result: The joint stable/unstable subbundle is Zygmund-regular, and higher regularity implies vanishing of the KAM-cocycle, which in turn implies that the subbundle is Lipschitz-continuous and indeed that the flow is smoothly conjugate to an algebraic one. To establish the latter, we prove results for algebraic Anosov systems that imply smoothness and a special structure for any Lipschitz-continuous invariant 1-form.
We obtain a pertinent geometric rigidity result: Uniformly quasiconformal magnetic flows are geodesic flows of hyperbolic metrics.
Several features of the reasoning are interesting: The use of exterior calculus for Lipschitz-continuous forms, that the arguments for geodesic flows and infranilmanifoldautomorphisms are quite different, and the need for mixing as opposed to ergodicity in the latter case.
In several contexts the defining invariant structures of a hyperbolic dynamical system are smooth only in systems of algebraic origin, and we prove new results of this smooth rigidity type for a class of flows.
For a transversely symplectic uniformly quasiconformal $C^2$ Anosov flow on a compact Riemannian manifold we define the longitudinal KAM-cocycle and use it to prove a rigidity result: The joint stable/unstable subbundle is Zygmund-regular, and higher regularity implies vanishing of the KAM-cocycle, which in turn implies that the subbundle is Lipschitz-continuous and indeed that the flow is smoothly conjugate to an algebraic one. To establish the latter, we prove results for algebraic Anosov systems that imply smoothness and a special structure for any Lipschitz-continuous invariant 1-form.
We obtain a pertinent geometric rigidity result: Uniformly quasiconformal magnetic flows are geodesic flows of hyperbolic metrics.
Several features of the reasoning are interesting: The use of exterior calculus for Lipschitz-continuous forms, that the arguments for geodesic flows and infranilmanifoldautomorphisms are quite different, and the need for mixing as opposed to ergodicity in the latter case.
2010, 17: 90-103
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.90
+[Abstract](2296)
+[PDF](241.7KB)
Abstract:
On reflexive spaces trigonometrically well-bounded operators (abbreviated "twbo's'') have an operator-ergodic-theory characterization as the invertible operators $U$ whose rotates "transfer'' the discrete Hilbert averages $(C,1)$-boundedly. Twbo's permeate many settings of modern analysis, and this note treats advances in their spectral theory, Fourier analysis, and operator ergodic theory made possible by applying classical analysis techniques pioneered by Hardy-Littlewood and L.C. Young to the R.C. James inequalities for super-reflexive spaces. When the James inequalities are combined with spectral integration methods and Young-Stieltjes integration for the spaces $V_{p}(\mathbb{T}) $ of functions having bounded $p$-variation, it transpires that every twbo on a super-reflexive space $X$ has a norm-continuous $V_{p}(\mathbb{T}) $-functional calculus for a range of values of $p>1$, and we investigate the ways this outcome logically simplifies and simultaneously advances the structure theory of twbo's on $X$. In particular, on a super-reflexive space $X$ (but not on the general reflexive space) Tauberian-type theorems emerge which improve to their $(C,0) $ counterparts the $(C,1) $ averaging and convergence associated with twbo's.
On reflexive spaces trigonometrically well-bounded operators (abbreviated "twbo's'') have an operator-ergodic-theory characterization as the invertible operators $U$ whose rotates "transfer'' the discrete Hilbert averages $(C,1)$-boundedly. Twbo's permeate many settings of modern analysis, and this note treats advances in their spectral theory, Fourier analysis, and operator ergodic theory made possible by applying classical analysis techniques pioneered by Hardy-Littlewood and L.C. Young to the R.C. James inequalities for super-reflexive spaces. When the James inequalities are combined with spectral integration methods and Young-Stieltjes integration for the spaces $V_{p}(\mathbb{T}) $ of functions having bounded $p$-variation, it transpires that every twbo on a super-reflexive space $X$ has a norm-continuous $V_{p}(\mathbb{T}) $-functional calculus for a range of values of $p>1$, and we investigate the ways this outcome logically simplifies and simultaneously advances the structure theory of twbo's on $X$. In particular, on a super-reflexive space $X$ (but not on the general reflexive space) Tauberian-type theorems emerge which improve to their $(C,0) $ counterparts the $(C,1) $ averaging and convergence associated with twbo's.
2010, 17: 104-121
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.104
+[Abstract](2925)
+[PDF](260.8KB)
Abstract:
We construct monotone Lagrangian tori in the standard symplectic vector space, in the complex projective space and in products of spheres. We explain how to classify these Lagrangian tori up to symplectomorphism and Hamiltonian isotopy, and how to show that they are not displaceable by Hamiltonian isotopies.
We construct monotone Lagrangian tori in the standard symplectic vector space, in the complex projective space and in products of spheres. We explain how to classify these Lagrangian tori up to symplectomorphism and Hamiltonian isotopy, and how to show that they are not displaceable by Hamiltonian isotopies.
2010, 17: 122-124
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.122
+[Abstract](2067)
+[PDF](94.9KB)
Abstract:
We give a new characterization of spaces with nonnegative curvature in the sense of Alexandrov.
We give a new characterization of spaces with nonnegative curvature in the sense of Alexandrov.
2010, 17: 125-137
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.125
+[Abstract](2209)
+[PDF](228.1KB)
Abstract:
This paper introduces a new Parseval frame, based on the 3-D shearlet representation, which is especially designed to capture geometric features such as discontinuous boundaries with very high efficiency. We show that this approach exhibits essentially optimal approximation properties for 3-D functions $f$ which are smooth away from discontinuities along $C^2$ surfaces. In fact, the $N$ term approximation $f_N^S$ obtained by selecting the $N$ largest coefficients from the shearlet expansion of $f$ satisfies the asymptotic estimate
This paper introduces a new Parseval frame, based on the 3-D shearlet representation, which is especially designed to capture geometric features such as discontinuous boundaries with very high efficiency. We show that this approach exhibits essentially optimal approximation properties for 3-D functions $f$ which are smooth away from discontinuities along $C^2$ surfaces. In fact, the $N$ term approximation $f_N^S$ obtained by selecting the $N$ largest coefficients from the shearlet expansion of $f$ satisfies the asymptotic estimate
||$f-f_N^S$||$_2^2$ ≍ $N^{-1} (\log N)^2, as N \to \infty.$
Up to the logarithmic factor,
this is the optimal behavior for functions in this class and
significantly outperforms wavelet approximations, which only yields
a $N^{-1/2}$ rate. Indeed, the wavelet approximation rate was the
best published nonadaptive result so far and the result presented in
this paper is the first nonadaptive construction which is provably
optimal (up to a loglike factor) for this class of 3-D data.
Our estimate is consistent with the corresponding
2-D (essentially) optimally sparse approximation results obtained
by the authors using 2-D shearlets and by Candès and Donoho using
curvelets.
2010, 17: 138-154
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.138
+[Abstract](2488)
+[PDF](418.2KB)
Abstract:
In this expository paper, we explain a formula for the multiplicities of the index of an equivariant transversally elliptic operator on a $G$-manifold. The formula is a sum of integrals over blowups of the strata of the group action and also involves eta invariants of associated elliptic operators. Among the applications is an index formula for basic Dirac operators on Riemannian foliations, a problem that was open for many years.
In this expository paper, we explain a formula for the multiplicities of the index of an equivariant transversally elliptic operator on a $G$-manifold. The formula is a sum of integrals over blowups of the strata of the group action and also involves eta invariants of associated elliptic operators. Among the applications is an index formula for basic Dirac operators on Riemannian foliations, a problem that was open for many years.
2010, 17: 155-160
doi: 10.3934/era.2010.17.155
+[Abstract](1876)
+[PDF](139.1KB)
Abstract:
Consider the following question: given two functions on a symplectic manifold whose Poisson bracket is small, is it possible to approximate them in the $C^0$ norm by commuting functions? We give a positive answer in dimension two, as a particular case of a more general statement which applies to functions on a manifold with a volume form. This result is based on a lemma in the spirit of geometric measure theory. We give some immediate applications to function theory and the theory of quasi-states on surfaces with area forms.
Consider the following question: given two functions on a symplectic manifold whose Poisson bracket is small, is it possible to approximate them in the $C^0$ norm by commuting functions? We give a positive answer in dimension two, as a particular case of a more general statement which applies to functions on a manifold with a volume form. This result is based on a lemma in the spirit of geometric measure theory. We give some immediate applications to function theory and the theory of quasi-states on surfaces with area forms.
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